Iâve figured out a trick for the NYT that works for a handful of other sites, and I have a WaPo account. The paywalls can get frustrating these days.
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Donald Trump will do anything to be re-elected. His opponents are limited because they believe in democracy. Trump has no limits because he doesnât.
Hereâs Trumpâs re-election playbook, in 25 simple steps:
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Thousands of U.S. judges who broke laws or oaths remained on the bench
In the past dozen years, state and local judges have repeatedly escaped public accountability for misdeeds that have victimized thousands. Nine of 10 kept their jobs, a Reuters investigation found â including an Alabama judge who unlawfully jailed hundreds of poor people, many of them Black, over traffic fines.
Judge Les Hayes once sentenced a single mother to 496 days behind bars for failing to pay traffic tickets. The sentence was so stiff it exceeded the jail time Alabama allows for negligent homicide.
Marquita Johnson, who was locked up in April 2012, says the impact of her time in jail endures today. Johnsonâs three children were cast into foster care while she was incarcerated. One daughter was molested, state records show. Another was physically abused.
âJudge Hayes took away my life and didnât care how my children suffered,â said Johnson, now 36. âMy girls will never be the same.â
Fellow inmates found her sentence hard to believe. âThey had a nickname for me: The Woman with All the Days ,â Johnson said. âThatâs what they called me: The Woman with All the Days . There were people who had committed real crimes who got out before me.â
In 2016, the state agency that oversees judges charged Hayes with violating Alabamaâs code of judicial conduct. According to the Judicial Inquiry Commission, Hayes broke state and federal laws by jailing Johnson and hundreds of other Montgomery residents too poor to pay fines. Among those jailed: a plumber struggling to make rent, a mother who skipped meals to cover the medical bills of her disabled son, and a hotel housekeeper working her way through college.
Hayes, a judge since 2000, admitted in court documents to violating 10 different parts of the stateâs judicial conduct code. One of the counts was a breach of a judgeâs most essential duty: failing to ârespect and comply with the law.â
Despite the severity of the ruling, Hayes wasnât barred from serving as a judge. Instead, the judicial commission and Hayes reached a deal. The former Eagle Scout would serve an 11-month unpaid suspension. Then he could return to the bench.
Until he was disciplined, Hayes said in an interview with Reuters, âI never thought I was doing something wrong.â
This week, Hayes is set to retire after 20 years as a judge. In a statement to Reuters, Hayes said he was âvery remorsefulâ for his misdeeds.
Community activists say his departure is long overdue. Yet the decision to leave, they say, should never have been his to make, given his record of misconduct.
âHe should have been fired years ago,â said Willie Knight, pastor of North Montgomery Baptist Church. âHe broke the law and wanted to get away with it. His sudden retirement is years too late.â
Hayes is among thousands of state and local judges across America who were allowed to keep positions of extraordinary power and prestige after violating judicial ethics rules or breaking laws they pledged to uphold, a Reuters investigation found.
Related content
Judges have made racist statements, lied to state officials and forced defendants to languish in jail without a lawyer â and then returned to the bench, sometimes with little more than a rebuke from the state agencies overseeing their conduct.
Recent media reports have documented failures in judicial oversight in South Carolina, Louisiana and Illinois. Reuters went further.
In the first comprehensive accounting of judicial misconduct nationally, Reuters reviewed 1,509 cases from the last dozen years â 2008 through 2019 â in which judges resigned, retired or were publicly disciplined following accusations of misconduct. In addition, reporters identified another 3,613 cases from 2008 through 2018 in which states disciplined wayward judges but kept hidden from the public key details of their offenses â including the identities of the judges themselves.
All told, 9 of every 10 judges were allowed to return to the bench after they were sanctioned for misconduct, Reuters determined. They included a California judge who had sex in his courthouse chambers, once with his former law intern and separately with an attorney; a New York judge who berated domestic violence victims; and a Maryland judge who, after his arrest for driving drunk, was allowed to return to the bench provided he took a Breathalyzer test before each appearance.
The news agencyâs findings reveal an âexcessivelyâ forgiving judicial disciplinary system, said Stephen Gillers, a law professor at New York University who writes about judicial ethics. Although punishment short of removal from the bench is appropriate for most misconduct cases, Gillers said, the public âwould be appalled at some of the lenient treatment judges getâ for substantial transgressions.
Among the cases from the past year alone:
In Utah, a judge texted a video of a manâs scrotum to court clerks. He was reprimanded but remains on the bench.
In Indiana, three judges attending a conference last spring got drunk and sparked a 3 a.m. brawl outside a White Castle fast-food restaurant that ended with two of the judges shot. Although the state supreme court found the three judges had âdiscredited the entire Indiana judiciary,â each returned to the bench after a suspension.
In Texas, a judge burst in on jurors deliberating the case of a woman charged with sex trafficking and declared that God told him the defendant was innocent. The offending judge received a warning and returned to the bench. The defendant was convicted after a new judge took over the case.
âThere are certain things where there should be a level of zero tolerance,â the jury foreman, Mark House, told Reuters. The judge should have been fined, House said, and kicked off the bench. âThere is no justice, because he is still doing his job.â
Judicial misconduct specialists say such behavior has the potential to erode trust in Americaâs courts and, absent tough consequences, could give judges license to behave with impunity.
âWhen you see cases like that, the public starts to wonder about the integrity and honesty of the system,â said Steve Scheckman, a lawyer who directed Louisianaâs oversight agency and served as deputy director of New Yorkâs. âIt looks like a good olâ boys club.â
Thatâs how local lawyers viewed the case of a longtime Alabama judge who concurrently served on the stateâs judicial oversight commission. The judge, Cullman District Courtâs Kim Chaney, remained on the bench for three years after being accused of violating the same nepotism rules he was tasked with enforcing on the oversight commission. In at least 200 cases, court records show, Judge Chaney chose his own son to serve as a court-appointed defense lawyer for the indigent, enabling the younger Chaney to earn at least $105,000 in fees over two years.
NEPOTISM BY WATCHDOG: While serving on a state board on judicial misconduct, Judge Kim Chaney violated the very nepotism rules he enforced on other judges, appointing his own son to more than 200 cases in his hometown.
In February, months after Reuters repeatedly asked Chaney and the state judicial commission about those cases, he retired from the bench as part of a deal with state authorities to end the investigation.
Tommy Drake, the lawyer who first filed a complaint against Chaney in 2016, said he doubts the judge would have been forced from the bench if Reuters hadnât examined the case.
âYou know the only reason they did anything about Chaney is because you guys started asking questions,â Drake said. âOtherwise, heâd still be there.â
Bedrock of American justice
State and local judges draw little scrutiny even though their courtrooms are the bedrock of the American criminal justice system, touching the lives of millions of people every year.
The countryâs approximately 1,700 federal judges hear 400,000 cases annually. The nearly 30,000 state, county and municipal court judges handle a far bigger docket: more than 100 million new cases each year, from traffic to divorce to murder. Their titles range from justice of the peace to state supreme court justice. Their powers are vast and varied â from determining whether a defendant should be jailed to deciding who deserves custody of a child.
Each U.S. state has an oversight agency that investigates misconduct complaints against judges. The authority of the oversight agencies is distinct from the power held by appellate courts, which can reverse a judgeâs legal ruling and order a new trial. Judicial commissions cannot change verdicts. Rather, they can investigate complaints about the behavior of judges and pursue discipline ranging from reprimand to removal.
Few experts dispute that the great majority of judges behave responsibly, respecting the law and those who appear before them. And some contend that, when judges do falter, oversight agencies are effective in identifying and addressing the behavior. âWith a few notable exceptions, the commissions generally get it right,â said Keith Swisher, a University of Arizona law professor who specializes in judicial ethics.
Others disagree. They note that the clout of these commissions is limited, and their authority differs from state to state. To remove a judge, all but a handful of states require approval of a panel that includes other judges. And most states seldom exercise the full extent of those disciplinary powers.
As a result, the system tends to err on the side of protecting the rights and reputations of judges while overlooking the impact courtroom wrongdoing has on those most affected by it: people like Marquita Johnson.
Reuters scoured thousands of state investigative files, disciplinary proceedings and court records from the past dozen years to quantify the personal toll of judicial misconduct. The examination found at least 5,206 people who were directly affected by a judgeâs misconduct. The victims cited in disciplinary documents ranged from people who were illegally jailed to those subjected to racist, sexist and other abusive comments from judges in ways that tainted the cases.
The number is a conservative estimate. The tally doesnât include two previously reported incidents that affected thousands of defendants and prompted sweeping reviews of judicial conduct.
âIf we have a system that holds a wrongdoer accountable but we fail to address the victims, then we are really losing sight of what a justice system should be all about.â
Arthur Grim, retired judge
In Pennsylvania, the state examined the convictions of more than 3,500 teenagers sentenced by two judges. The judges were convicted of taking kickbacks as part of a scheme to fill a private juvenile detention center. In 2009, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court appointed senior judge Arthur Grim to lead a victim review, and the state later expunged criminal records for 2,251 juveniles. Grim told Reuters that every state should adopt a way to compensate victims of judicial misconduct.
âIf we have a system that holds a wrongdoer accountable but we fail to address the victims, then we are really losing sight of what a justice system should be all about,â Grim said.
In another review underway in Ohio, state public defender Tim Young is scrutinizing 2,707 cases handled by a judge who retired in 2018 after being hospitalized for alcoholism. Mike Benza, a law professor at Case Western Reserve University whose students are helping identify victims, compared the work to current investigations into police abuse of power. âYou see one case and then you look to see if itâs systemic,â he said.
The review, which has been limited during the coronavirus pandemic, may take a year. But Young said the time-consuming task is essential because âa fundamental injustice may have been levied against hundreds or thousands of people.â
âSpecial rules for judgesâ
Most states afford judges accused of misconduct a gentle kind of justice. Perhaps no state better illustrates the shortcomings of Americaâs system for overseeing judges than Alabama.
As in most states, Alabamaâs nine-member Judicial Inquiry Commission is a mix of lawyers, judges and laypeople. All are appointed. Their deliberations are secret and they operate under some of the most judge-friendly rules in the nation.
Alabamaâs rules make even filing a complaint against a judge difficult. The complaint must be notarized, which means that in theory, anyone who makes misstatements about the judge can be prosecuted for perjury. Complaints about wrongdoing must be made in writing; those that arrive by phone, email or without a notary stamp are not investigated, although senders are notified why their complaints have been summarily rejected. Anonymous written complaints are shredded.
These rules can leave lawyers and litigants fearing retaliation, commission director Jenny Garrett noted in response to written questions.
âItâs a ridiculous system that protects judges and makes it easy for them to intimidate anyone with a legitimate complaint,â said Sue Bell Cobb, chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court from 2007 to 2011. In 2009, she unsuccessfully championed changes to the process and commissioned an American Bar Association report that offered a scathing review of Alabamaâs rules.
In most other states, commission staff members can start investigating a judge upon receiving a phone call or email, even anonymous ones, or after learning of questionable conduct from a news report or court filing. In Alabama, staff will not begin an investigation without approval from the commission itself, which convenes about every seven weeks.
By rule, the commission also must keep a judge who is under scrutiny fully informed throughout an investigation. If a subpoena is issued, the judge receives a simultaneous copy, raising fears about witness intimidation. If a witness gives investigators a statement, the judge receives a transcript. In the U.S. justice system, such deference to individuals under investigation is extremely rare.
âItâs a ridiculous system that protects judges and makes it easy for them to intimidate anyone with a legitimate complaint.â
Sue Bell Cobb, former chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court
âWhy the need for special rules for judges?â said Michael Levy, a Washington lawyer who has represented clients in high-profile criminal, corporate, congressional and securities investigations. âIf judges think itâs fair and appropriate to investigate others for crimes or misconduct without providing those subjects or targets with copies of witness statements and subpoenas, why donât judges think itâs fair to investigate judges in the same way?â
Alabama judges also are given an opportunity to resolve investigations confidentially. Reuters interviews and a review of Alabama commission records show the commission has met with judges informally at least 19 times since 2011 to offer corrective âguidance.â The identities of those judges remain confidential, as does the conduct that prompted the meetings. âNot every violation warrants discipline,â commission director Garrett said.
Since 2008, the commission has brought 21 public cases against judges, including Hayes, charging two this year.
496
Number of days Judge Hayes sentenced Marquita Johnson to jail for unpaid traffic tickets.
Two of the best-known cases brought by the commission involved Roy Moore, who was twice forced out as chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court for defying federal court orders.
Another Alabama justice fared better in challenging a misconduct complaint, however. Tom Parker, first elected to the stateâs high court in 2004, pushed back when the commission investigated him in 2015 for comments he made on the radio criticizing the U.S. Supreme Courtâs decision legalizing gay marriage.
Parker sued the commission in federal court, arguing the agency was infringing on his First Amendment rights. He won. Although the commission had dropped its investigation before the ruling, it was ordered to cover Parkerâs legal fees: $100,000, or about a fifth of the agencyâs total annual budget.
In 2018, the people of Alabama elected Parker chief justice.
These days, Parker told Reuters, Alabama judges and the agency that oversees them enjoy âa much better relationshipâ thatâs less politically tinged. âHow can I say it? Itâs much more respectful between the commission and the judges now.â
âGut instinctâ
Montgomery, Alabama has a deep history of racial conflict, as reflected in the clashing concepts emblazoned on the cityâs great seal: âCradle of the Confederacyâ and âBirthplace of the Civil Rights Movement.â
Jefferson Davis was inaugurated here as Confederate president after the South seceded from the Union in 1861, and his birthday is a state holiday. As was common throughout the South, the city was the site of the lynchings of Black men, crimes now commemorated at a national memorial based here. Police arrested civil rights icon Rosa Parks here in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus to a white passenger.
Today, about 60% of Montgomeryâs 198,000 residents are Black, U.S. census records show. Even so, Black motorists account for about 90% of those charged with unpaid traffic tickets, a Reuters examination of court records found. Much of Judge Hayesâ work in municipal court involved traffic cases and the collection of fines. Hayes, who is white, told Reuters that âthe majority of people who come before the court are Black.â
City officials have said that neither race nor economics have played a role in police efforts to enforce outstanding warrants, no matter how minor the offense.
In April 2012, Marquita Johnson was among them. Appearing before Hayes on a Wednesday morning, the 28-year-old single mother pleaded for a break.
Johnson had struggled for eight years to pay dozens of tickets that began with a citation for failing to show proof of insurance. She had insurance, she said. But when she was pulled over, she couldnât find the card to prove it.
Even a single ticket was a knockout blow on her minimum-wage waitress salary. In addition to fines, the court assessed a $155 fee to every ticket. Court records show that police often issued her multiple tickets for other infractions during every stop â a practice some residents call âstacking.â
Under state law, failing to pay even one ticket can result in the suspension of a driverâs license. Johnsonâs decision to keep driving nonetheless â taking her children to school or to doctor visits, getting groceries, going to work â led to more tickets and deeper debt.
âI told Judge Hayes that I had lost my job and needed more time to pay,â she recounted.
By Hayesâ calculation, Johnson owed more than $12,000 in fines. He sentenced Johnson to 496 days in jail. Hayes arrived at that sentence by counting each day in jail as $25 toward the outstanding debt. A different judge later determined that Johnson actually owed half the amount calculated by Hayes, and that Hayes had incorrectly penalized her over fines she had already paid. To shave time off her sentence, Johnson washed police cars and performed other menial labor while jailed.
Hayes told Reuters that he generally found pleas of poverty hard to believe. âWith my years of experience, I can tell when someone is being truthful with me,â Hayes said. He called it âgut instinctâ â though he added, in a statement this week, that he also consulted âeach defendantâs criminal and traffic history as well as their history of warrants and failures to appear in court.â
Of course, the law demands more of a judge than a gut call. In a 1983 landmark decision, Bearden v. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state judges are obligated to hold a hearing to determine whether a defendant has âwillfullyâ chosen not to pay a fine.
According to the stateâs judicial oversight commission, âJudge Hayes did not make any inquiry into Ms. Johnsonâs ability to pay, whether her non-payment was willful.â
From jail, âI prayed to return to my daughters,â Johnson said. âI was sure that someone would realize that Hayes had made a mistake.â
She said her worst day in jail was her youngest daughterâs 3rd birthday. From a jail telephone, she tried to sing âHappy Birthdayâ but slumped to the floor in grief.
âShe was choking up and crying,â said Johnsonâs mother, Blanche, who was on the call. âShe was devastated to be away from her children so long.â
When Johnson was freed after 10 months in jail, she learned that strangers had abused her two older children. One is now a teenager; the other is in middle school. âMy kids will pay a lifetime for what the court system did to me,â Johnson said. âMy daughters get frantic when I leave the house. I know theyâve had nightmares that Iâm going to disappear again.â
Six months after Johnsonâs release, Hayes jailed another single Black mother. Angela McCullough, then 40, had been pulled over driving home from Faulkner University, a local community college where she carried a 3.87 grade point average. As a mother of four children, including a disabled adult son, she had returned to college to pursue her dream of becoming a mental health counselor.
Police ticketed her for failing to turn on her headlights. After a background check, the officer arrested McCullough on a warrant for outstanding traffic tickets. She was later brought before Hayes.
âI canât go to jail,â McCullough recalled pleading with the judge. âIâm a mother. I have a disabled son who needs me.â
Hayes sentenced McCullough to 100 days in jail to pay off a court debt of $1,350, court records show. Her adult son, diagnosed with schizophrenia, was held in an institution until her release.
McCullough said she cleaned jail cells in return for time off her sentence. One day, she recalled, she had to clean a blood-soaked cell where a female inmate had slit her wrists.
She was freed after 20 days, using the money she saved for tuition to pay off her tickets, she said.
Jail was the darkest chapter of her life, McCullough said, a place where âthe devil was trying to take my mind.â Today, she has abandoned her pursuit of a degree. âI donât think Iâll ever be able to afford to go back.â
A clear sign that something was amiss in Montgomery courts came in November 2013, when a federal lawsuit was filed alleging that city judges were unlawfully jailing the poor. A similar suit was filed in 2014, and two more civil rights cases were filed in 2015. Johnson and McCullough were plaintiffs.
The lawsuits detailed practices similar to those that helped fuel protests in Ferguson, Missouri, after a white police officer killed a Black teenager in 2014. In a scathing report on the origins of the unrest, the U.S. Department of Justice exposed how Ferguson had systematically used traffic enforcement to raise revenue through excessive fines, a practice that fell disproportionately hard on Black residents.
âMontgomery is just like Ferguson,â said Karen Jones, a community activist and founder of a local educational nonprofit. Jones has led recent protests in Montgomery in the wake of the killing of George Floyd, the Black man whose death under the knee of a cop in Minneapolis set off worldwide calls for racial justice.
In Montgomery, âeverybody knew that the police targeted Black residents. And I sat in Hayesâ court and watched him squeeze poor people for more money, then toss them in jail where they had to work off debts with free labor to the city.â
It was years before the flurry of civil rights lawsuits against Hayes and his fellow judges had much impact on the commission. The oversight agency opened its Hayes case in summer 2015, nearly two years after plaintiffsâ lawyers in the civil rights cases filed a complaint with the body. Hayes spent another year and a half on the bench before accepting the suspension.
Under its own rules, the commission could have filed a complaint and told its staff to investigate Hayes at any time. Commission director Garrett said she is prohibited by law from explaining why the commission didnât investigate sooner. The investigation went slowly, Garrett said, because it involved reviewing thousands of pages of court records. The commission also was busy with other cases from 2015 to early 2017, Garrett said, issuing charges against five judges, including Moore.
âSlap in the faceâ
A few months after Judge Hayesâ suspension ended, his term as a municipal judge was set to expire. So, the Montgomery City Council took up the question of the judgeâs future on March 6, 2018. On the agenda of its meeting: whether to reappoint Hayes to another four-year term.
UNLAWFUL RULINGS: The Alabama judicial oversight agencyâs determination on the wrongdoing of Judge Les Hayes.
Hayes wasnât in the audience that night, but powerful supporters were. The cityâs chief judge, Milton Westry, told the council that Hayes and his colleagues have changed how they handled cases involving indigent defendants, âsince we learned a better way of doing things.â In the wake of the suits, Westry said, Hayes and his peers complied with reforms that required judges to make audio recordings of court hearings and notify lawyers when clients are jailed for failing to pay fines.
As part of a settlement in the civil case, the city judges agreed to implement changes for at least two years. Those reforms have since been abandoned, Reuters found. Both measures were deemed too expensive, Hayes and city officials confirmed.
Residents who addressed the council were incredulous that the city would consider reappointing Hayes. Jones, the community activist, reminded council members that Hayes had âpleaded guilty to violating the very laws he was sworn to uphold.â
The city council voted to rehire Hayes to a fifth consecutive term.
Marquita Johnson said she canât understand why a judge whose unlawful rulings changed the lives of hundreds has himself emerged virtually unscathed.
âHiring Hayes back to the bench was a slap in the face to everyone,â Johnson said. âIt was a message that we donât matter.â
On Thursday, Hayes will retire from the bench. In an earlier interview with Reuters, he declined to discuss the Johnson case. Asked whether he regrets any of the sentences he has handed out, he paused.
âI think, maybe, I could have been more sympathetic at times,â Hayes said. âSometimes you miss a few.â
A watchdog accused, a pattern of rulings delayed, a repeat offender
Three recent cases illustrate how Alabama judges who were cited for wrongdoing were able to remain on the bench for years.
Judge Chaney: Enforced, broke rules
Court of the Judiciary finds Judge Chaney guilty of nepotism (AUDIO)
What happened when a trial judge who also served on the stateâs judicial oversight board was accused of misbehavior.
Alex Chaney was just a year out of law school in 2015 when he started receiving lucrative appointments at taxpayer expense. A district judge began assigning him to represent people too poor to afford a lawyer.
That judge was his dad, Kim Chaney.
Judge Chaney is a powerful figure in rural Cullman County, where he was first elected to the bench in 1992. Chaney serves on a local bank board and has led several statewide justice associations.
In 2012, the governor honored Chaney by selecting him to also serve on Alabamaâs nine-member Judicial Inquiry Commission, which investigates misconduct by judges. While on the commission, Chaney broke its ethics laws in his own courtroom.
In 2016, local attorney Tommy Drake filed a complaint against Chaney, alleging that the judge was appointing his son to represent indigent defendants, violating ethics rules that prohibit nepotism. Alex Chaney was paid $105,000 from 2015 to 2017 by the state for such court-appointed work, accounting records show.
Because Judge Chaney served on the judicial commission, Drake sent his complaint to a different state watchdog agency, the Alabama Ethics Commission. On October 4, 2017, the Ethics Commission found that Judge Chaney violated ethics rules and referred the case to the state attorney general.
The following day, records show, Judge Chaney resigned from the Judicial Inquiry Commission. But he remained a trial judge in Cullman. Eighteen months passed.
Last summer, a Reuters reporter began asking state officials about the status of the case. The officials declined to comment.
In November, Reuters sent Judge Chaney and his son queries. They did not respond. The judgeâs lawyer, John Henig Jr, wrote to Reuters: âJudge Chaney is a person of remarkably good character and would never knowingly do anything unethical or wrong.â
Henig said that Judge Chaney appointed his son from a rotating list of lawyers to represent indigent defendants. Henig called the appointments âministerialâ in nature.
âIf Judge Chaneyâs sonâs name was the next name on the list for appointments, Judge Chaney would call out his sonâs name and thereafter immediately recuse himself from the case,â Henig wrote.
A Reuters review of court records showed otherwise: Judge Chaney participated in several cases after appointing his son and issued substantive decisions. For example, records show that the judge reduced bond for one of his sonâs clients, and approved anotherâs motion to plead guilty. Henig did not respond to questions about these records.
APPOINTED SON: This document shows how Judge Kim Chaney appointed his lawyer son to handle cases.
This February 7 â eight months after Reuters began inquiring about Chaney â the commission charged the judge with appointing his son to more than 200 cases and making rulings in some of them. Chaney struck a deal with the commission and retired from the bench, avoiding a trial.
During a hearing to approve the deal, commission lawyer Elizabeth Bern said Chaney should have known better than to appoint his son, especially given that he did so while a member of the oversight agency. During Chaneyâs tenure, the commission had disciplined two judges who abused their office to benefit a relative.
âThe nepotism provision is clear and unequivocal without exception,â she said.
Chaney did not speak during the hearing.
Drake, the lawyer who filed the complaint in 2016, said that absent the Reuters inquiries, he doubts Chaney would have retired from the bench because he is so politically powerful.
Indeed, shortly after the judge stepped down in disgrace for steering work to his son, the local bar association issued a resolution praising him.
Of Chaney, the local lawyers said, âHe has always maintained the highest ethical and moral standards of the office and has been an example to all, what a judge should represent.â
Judge Kelly: âCallous indifferenceâ
FAMILY MATTERS: Montgomery Circuit Court Judge Anita Kelly. Courtesy Montgomery Advertiser/Handout via REUTERS
How a judge left children in limbo by repeatedly failing to perform her most basic duty: ruling on cases.
Montgomery Circuit Court Judge Anita Kelly hears time-sensitive family matters such as child custody, adoption and divorce â cases in which a child remains in limbo until she rules.
Starting in 2014, court and judicial commission records show, word of years-long delays in her cases began to emerge from foster parents, lawyers, social workers and appeals court judges. Commission officials are barred by law from discussing the case, but Reuters pieced together the scope of the investigation through juvenile court records, public documents and interviews with people involved.
In May 2014, foster parents Cheri and Travis Norwood filed a complaint about Kelly with the judicial commission. They alleged the judgeâs incompetence led to a traumatic, years-long delay in which a foster child who began living with the Norwoods as an infant was taken away from them at age 3 ½ and returned to live with her teenage biological mother.
âIf Judge Kelly thought they should have been together, fine,â Travis Norwood said in an interview. âWhy didnât this happen sooner? Because children canât wait. You canât freeze a child, hold her in suspended animation until her mother is ready.â
Social workers who heard about the Norwood complaint forwarded their own concerns about Kellyâs conduct in several other cases. Nonetheless, the commission dismissed the Norwood complaint in early 2015, finding âno reasonable basis to charge the judge.â
Over the next year, more red flags emerged. State appeals court judges raised concerns about Kellyâs âcontinued neglect of her duty,â citing at least five cases that had untenable delays. In November 2015, a supreme court justice criticized the nearly three years it took to determine one childâs fate.
âI refuse to be another adult who has totally failed this child,â Justice Tommy Bryan wrote.
Another 20 months passed before the judicial commission took action. In August 2017, it charged Kelly with delays that âmanifest a callous indifference or lack of comprehensionâ to childrenâs well-being. One childâs case, it noted, had dragged on for five years.
Kelly took her case to trial before the Court of the Judiciary, the special tribunal that weighs charges against judges. Her attorney argued that the judge worked hard and had shown no ill intent.
In 2018, the tribunal found Kelly failed to âmaintain professional competence.â Kelly was suspended for 90 days. Still, she kept her job. The court said it likely would have removed Kelly from the bench if not for two factors: Voters re-elected her in 2016, and she exhibited âgood character and the lack of evidence of scandal or corruption on her part.â
Her lawyer, Henry Lewis Gillis, applauded her reinstatement and said the delays never affected the quality of her decisions.
âJudge Kelly cannot change yesterday,â Gillis said. âRather, she chooses to learn from her past experiences as she continues to handle the many, many, many cases that come before her today.â
Judge Wiggins: Give blood or go to jail
FAMILIAR FACE: Alabama Circuit Judge Marvin Wiggins. Courtesy Selma Times-Journal/Handout via REUTERS
A judge who is a repeat offender â four times over â remains on the bench.
Circuit Judge Marvin Wiggins has been hit with misconduct charges by Alabamaâs judicial conduct commission four times over the past decade. In 2009, he was reprimanded and suspended for 90 days for failing to recuse himself from a voter fraud investigation involving his relatives.
âThe public must be able to trust that our judges will dispense justice fairly and impartially,â the Court of the Judiciary concluded. âJudge Wiggins, by his actions, disregarded that trust.â
In 2016 â in a case that made global headlines â Wiggins was censured for offering defendants the option of giving blood instead of going to jail for failing to pay fines. A local blood drive happened to be taking place at the courthouse that day.
âIf you do not have any money and you donât want to go to jail, as an option to pay it, you can give blood today,â Wiggins told dozens of defendants, according to a recording. âConsider that as a discount rather than putting you in jail, if you do not have any money.â
Forty-one defendants gave blood that day, and the commission called Wigginsâ conduct âreprehensible and inexcusable.â Wiggins acknowledged that his comments were inappropriate, but noted he did not send anyone to jail that day for failure to pay fines.
ALERT US TO WRONGDOING
- [
Not all judges who have violated their oaths of office, broken the law or misbehaved on the bench have been brought before their statesâ oversight commission. If you know of a judge who may have committed misconduct, please send us details at [email protected]. Include the name of the judge, the state, details of what the judge may have done wrong, and a way for us to contact you. Reuters investigates such tips and will contact you before publishing.
](mailto:[email protected]?Subject=Judicial misconduct)Wigginsâ lawyer, Joe Espy III, said that the judge âhas always tried to cooperateâ with authorities. Espy noted that Wiggins is a community leader, an ordained pastor and has been repeatedly re-elected to the bench for more than 20 years.
âHe is not only a good judge but a good person,â Espy said.
Last year, Wiggins was reprimanded for directly calling the father in a custody dispute â a conversation that violated a rule prohibiting a judge from discussing a case without both sides present. A recording of the call became a key piece of evidence against Wiggins.
In preparation for trial in that case, the commission said it found a âpattern and practiceâ of similar one-sided calls. The commission also said it found evidence that Wiggins was meeting with divorce litigants in his chambers without lawyers present.
In November, this prompted a new commission case against Wiggins â his fourth in 10 years.
âAt a very minimum,â the commission alleged, his track record indicates a âpattern of carelessness or indifferent disregard or lack of respect for the high standards imposed on the judiciary.â
But at a pretrial hearing in January, and in a subsequent order, Wiggins scored a victory before the Alabama tribunal that issues final judgment on such cases, the Court of the Judiciary. The presiding judge raised questions about whether proper procedures had been followed in the case against Wiggins.
Three weeks later, the commission dropped the case. And Wiggins returned to the bench.
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This is from former Senator Tim Wirth and not easily summarized BUT worth a read.
It has got some scary scenarios in itâŚat election time should he lose to Biden, basically powers that T could invoke with Barrâs help, and run out the clock on counting out the electorial college with republican-lead state governments.
How Trump Could Lose the ElectionâAnd Still Remain President | Opinion
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This is the story of the cursed platoon, the men who turned in Clint Lorance for his war crimes and had to watch as Trump pardoned him and made him a hero.
The Cursed Platoom
Clint Lorance had been in charge of his platoon for only three days when he ordered his men to kill three Afghans stopped on a dirt road.
A second-degree murder conviction and pardon followed.
Today, Lorance is hailed as a hero by President Trump.
His troops have suffered a very different fate.
Only a few hours had passed since President Trump pardoned 1st Lt. Clint Lorance and the men of 1st Platoon were still trying to make sense of how it was even possible.
How could a man they blamed for ruining their lives, an officer the Army convicted of second-degree murder and other charges, be forgiven so easily? How could their president allow him to just walk free?
âI feel like Iâm in a nightmare,â Lucas Gray, a former specialist from the unit, texted his old squad leader, who was out of the Army and living in Fayetteville, N.C.
âI havenât been handling it well either,â replied Mike McGuinness on Nov. 15, the day Lorance was pardoned.
âThereâs literally no point in anything we did or said,â Gray continued. âNow he gets to be the hero . . .â
âAnd weâre left to deal with it,â McGuinness concluded.
Lorance had been in command of 1st Platoon for only three days in Afghanistan but in that short span of time had averaged a war crime a day, a military jury found. On his last day before he was dismissed, he ordered his troops to open fire on three Afghan men standing by a motorcycle on the side of the road who he said posed a threat. His actions led to a 19-year prison sentence.
He had served six years when Trump, spurred to action by relentless Fox News coverage and Loranceâs insistence that he had made a split-second decision to protect his men, set him free.
The presidentâs opponents described the pardon as another instance of Trump subverting the rule of law to reward allies and reap political benefits. Military officials worried that the decision to overturn a case that had already been adjudicated in the military courts sent a signal that war crimes were not worthy of severe punishment.
For the men of 1st platoon, part of the 82nd Airborne Division, the costs of the war and the fallout from the case have been profound and sometimes deadly.
Traumatized by battle, they have also been brutalized by the politicization of their service and made to feel as if the truth of what they lived in Afghanistan â already a violent and harrowing tour before Lorance assumed command â had been so demeaned that it no longer existed.
Since returning home in 2013, five of the platoonâs three dozen soldiers have died. At least four others have been hospitalized following suicide attempts or struggles with drugs or alcohol.
The last fatality came a few weeks before Lorance was pardoned when James O. Twist, 27, a Michigan state trooper and father of three, died of suicide. As the White House was preparing the official order for Trumpâs signature, the men of 1st Platoon gathered in Grand Rapids, Mich., for the funeral, where they remembered Twist as a good soldier who had bravely rushed through smoke and fire to pull a friend from a bomb crater and place a tourniquet on his right leg where it had been sheared off by the blast.
They thought of the calls and texts from him that they didnât answer because they were too busy with their own lives â and Twist, who had a caring wife, a good job and a nice house, seemed like he was doing far better than most. They didnât know that behind closed doors he was at times verbally abusive, ashamed of his inner torment and, like so many of them, unable to articulate his pain.
By November 2019, Twist, a man the soldiers of 1st Platoon loved, was gone and Lorance was free from prison and headed for New York City, a new life and a star turn on Fox News.
This story is based on a transcript of Loranceâs 2013 court-martial at Fort Bragg, N.C., and on-the-record interviews with 15 members of 1st Platoon, as well as family members of the soldiers, including Twistâs father and wife. The soldiers also shared texts and emails they exchanged over the past several years. Twistâs family provided his journal entries from his time in the Army. Lorance declined to be interviewed.
In New York, Sean Hannity, Loranceâs biggest champion and the man most responsible for persuading Trump to pardon him, asked Lorance about the shooting and soldiers under his command.
Lorance had traded in his Army uniform for a blazer and red tie. He leaned in to the microphone. âI donât know any of these guys. None of them know me,â Lorance said of his former troops. âTo be honest with you, I canât even remember most of their names.â
The soldiers of 1st Platoon tell their story
Thereâs a video at this part.
An âentire month of despairâ
The 1st Platoon soldiers came to the Army and the war from all over the country: Maryland, California, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Indiana and Texas to name just a few. They joined for all the usual reasons: âTo keep my parents off my aâ,â said one soldier.
âI just needed a change,â said another.
A few had tried college but quit because they were bored or failing their classes. âI didnât know how to handle it,â Gray said of college. âI was really immature.â
Others joined right out of high school propelled by romantic notions, inherited from veteran fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers, of service and duty. Twistâs father served in Vietnam as a clerk in an air-conditioned office before coming back to Michigan and opening a garage. In his spare time Twist Sr. was a military history buff, a passion that rubbed off on his son, who visited World War II battle sites in Europe with his dad. Twist was just 16 when he started badgering his parents to sign his enlistment papers and barely 18 when he left for basic training. His mother had died of cancer only a few months earlier.
âI got pictures of him the day we dropped him off, and he didnât even wave goodbye,â his father recalled. âHe was in pig heaven.â
Several of the 1st Platoon soldiers enlisted in search of a steady paycheck and the promise of health insurance and a middle-class life. âI needed to get out of northeast Ohio,â McGuinness said. âThere wasnât anything there.â
In 1999, he was set to pay his first union dues and go to work alongside his steelworker grandfather when the plant closed. So he became a paratrooper instead, eventually deploying three times to Afghanistan.
McGuinness didnât look much like a paratrooper with his thick, squat body. But he liked being a soldier, jumping out of planes, firing weapons and drinking with his Army buddies. After a while the war didnât make much sense, but he took pride in knowing that his soldiers trusted him and that he was good at his job.
Nine months before 1st Platoon landed in rural southern Afghanistan, a team of Navy SEALs killed Osama bin Laden.
Samuel Walley, the badly wounded soldier Twist pulled from the blast crater, wondered if they might be spared combat. âWasnât that the goal to kill bin Laden?â he recalled thinking. âIsnât that checkmate?â
Around the same time, Twist was trying to make sense of what was to come. âI feel like the Army was a good decision, but also in my mind is a lot of dark thoughts,â he wrote in a spiral notebook. âI could die. I could come back with PTSD. I could be massively injured.â
âMaybe,â he hoped, âit will start winding down soon.â
But the decade-long war continued, driven by new, largely unattainable goals. When McGuinness saw where the platoon was headed â just 15 or so miles from the spot in southern Afghanistan where he had spent his second tour â he warned the new soldiers they were going to be âfighting against dudes who just really fâing hate you.â
They were told by commanders they were waging a counterinsurgency war in which their top priority was winning the support of the people and protecting them from the Taliban. But no one seemed entirely sure how to accomplish that goal. They helped build a school that never opened because of a lack of teachers and willing students. They met with village elders who insisted they knew nothing about the Talibanâs operations or plans.
In May 2012, they moved to a new compound near Payenzai, a remote Afghan village west of Kandahar, which consisted of little more than mud-walled houses, hardscrabble farmers and the Taliban.
So began what Twist described, in a blog post written years later, as an âentire month of despair.â
Four soldiers were severely wounded in quick succession. On June 6, Walley lost his leg and arm to a Taliban bomb. Eight days later, yet another enemy mine wounded Mark Kerner and 1st Lt. Dominic Latino, the platoon leader. Then, on June 23, a sniperâs bullet tore through Matthew Hanesâs neck, leaving him paralyzed.
The platoon was briefly sent back to a larger base a few miles away to shower, meet with mental-health counselors and pick up their new platoon leader. Lorance had served a tour as an enlisted prison guard in Iraq before attending college and becoming an infantry officer. He had spent the first five months of his Afghanistan tour as a staff officer on a fortified base.
This was his first time in combat.
âWeâre not going to lose any more men to injuries in this platoon,â he told then-Sgt. 1st Class Keith Ayres, his platoon sergeant, shortly after taking over on June 29, according to Ayresâs testimony.
His strategy, he said, was a âshock and aweâ campaign designed to cow the enemy and intimidate villagers into coughing up valuable intelligence. When an Afghan farmer and his young son approached the outpostâs front gate and asked permission to move a section of razor wire a few feet so that the farmer could get into his field, Lorance threatened to have Twist and the other soldiers on guard duty kill him and his boy.
âHe pointed at the child . . . at the little, tiny kid,â Twist testified. He estimated the child was 3 or 4 years old.
On Loranceâs second day, he ordered two of his sharpshooters to fire within 10 to 12 inches of unarmed villagers. His goal was to make the Afghans wonder why the Americans were shooting at them and motivate them to attend a village meeting that Lorance had scheduled for later in the week, his soldiers testified.
His real motive, though, seems to have been cruelty. âItâs funny watching those fâers dance,â Lorance said, according to the testimony of one of his soldiers. Lorance didnât pull the trigger. Instead, he stood by his men in the guard towers, picked the targets and issued orders. His troops finally balked when he told them to shoot near children. They refused again a few hours later when he ordered them to file a false report saying that they had taken fire from the village.
âIf I donât have the support of my NCOs then Iâll fâing do it myself,â Lorance exclaimed, according to testimony, referring to noncommissioned officers.
On the day of the killings for which he would be convicted, Lorance posted a sign in the platoon headquarters stating that no motorcycles would be permitted in his unitâs sector. The platoonâs soldiers were falsely told before the dayâs patrol that motorcycles should be considered âhostile and engaged on sight.â Several soldiers testified that Lorance told them that senior U.S. officials had ordered the change. At least two sergeants recalled the guidance had come from the Afghans and did not apply to U.S. forces. Due to the conflicting testimony, the jury of Army officers acquitted Lorance of changing the rules of engagement. Still, Loranceâs actions left soldiers confused on the critical, life-or-death question of when they were authorized to open fire.
The mission that day was a foot patrol into a nearby village to meet the elders.
Less than 30 minutes after they rolled out of the gate, three men on a motorcycle approached a cluster of Afghan National Army troops at the front of their formation. Lorance and his troops were standing about 150 to 200 yards away in an orchard, tucked behind a series of five-foot-high mud walls on which the Afghans grew grapes.
At the trial, Loranceâs soldiers recalled how he had ordered them to fire.
âWhy arenât you shooting?â he demanded.
A U.S. soldier fired and missed. The motorcycle carrying the three men, none of whom appeared to be armed, came to a stop. Upon hearing the shots, McGuinness began running toward Lorance, who was closer to the front of the U.S. patrol, to see why they were shooting.
The puzzled Afghans were now standing next to the stopped motorcycle, âtrying to figure out what had happened,â according to one soldierâs testimony. Gray, who was watching from a nearby armored vehicle, recognized the eldest of the three men as someone the Americans regularly met with in the village. He recalled the Afghans waving at them.
Todd Fitzgerald testifies during Clint Loranceâs 2013 court-martial at Fort Bragg, N.C.âSmoke âem,â Lorance ordered over the radio.
At first Gray and the other soldiers in the armored vehicle werenât sure whom Lorance wanted them to shoot. âThere was a back and forth with the three of us in the vehicle,â Gray recalled in an interview.
Then Pvt. David Shilo, who was in the turret of the armored vehicle just inches from Gray, fired, striking one of the men, who fell into a drainage ditch. Because the platoon had been told that morning that motorcycles werenât allowed in their sector, Shilo testified that he thought he was acting on a lawful order. Shilo declined to be interviewed.
The two surviving Afghan men bent to retrieve their dead colleague when Shilo cleared his weapon and shot again, killing a second Afghan. The third man ran away. Two U.S. soldiers testified that it was possible that an Afghan soldier also fired.
A few minutes later, a boy approached the dead men and the motorcycle, which was standing on the side of the road with its kickstand still down. Lorance ordered Shilo to fire a third time and disable the bike. This time he refused.
âI wasnât going to shoot a 12-year-old boy,â Shilo testified.
David Shilo testifies during Clint Loranceâs 2013 trial at Fort Bragg, N.C.Relatives of the dead were now on the scene screaming and crying. Loranceâs immediate superior officer, Capt. Patrick Swanson, who was two miles away and couldnât see what was happening, ordered him over the radio to search the bodies.
Lorance was convicted of lying to Swanson, telling him that villagers had carried off the corpses before his men could examine them. In fact, Loranceâs troops searched the bodies of the dead Afghans and found ID cards, scissors, some pens and three cucumbers, but no weapons, according to testimony.
The troops continued their patrol into the village while McGuinness and a small team of soldiers provided cover from a nearby roof. About 30 minutes after the first shooting, McGuinness spotted two Afghan men talking on radios.
âWe have to do something to the Americans,â one of the men was saying, according to U.S. intercepts. McGuinness and his troops received permission from the company headquarters to fire and killed the two men. The platoon cut short the patrol and returned to the base.
At the outpost the soldiers were shaken. âThis doesnât feel right,â Gray said.
âItâs not fâing right at all,â McGuinness replied.
A few minutes later Lorance burst into the platoonâs headquarters ebullient. âThat was fâing awesome,â he exclaimed, according to court testimony.
âAyres looked sick,â one of the platoonâs soldiers testified. McGuinness was furious.
The lieutenant tried to reassure his sergeants. âI know how to report it up [so] nobody gets in trouble,â he said, according to testimony.
Loranceâs soldiers turned him in that evening, and at the July 2013 trial, 14 of his men testified under oath against him. Four of those soldiers received immunity in exchange for their testimony. Lorance did not appear on the stand, and not one of his former 1st Platoon soldiers spoke in his defense. The trial lasted three days. It took the jury of Army officers three hours to find him guilty of second-degree murder, making false statements and ordering his men to fire at Afghan civilians. The jury handed down a 20-year sentence.
In response to a Lorance clemency request, an Army general reviewed the conviction and reduced the sentence by one year.
âWhy do you care so much?â
The war crimes and their aftermath followed Loranceâs soldiers home to Fort Bragg and, in some cases, into their nightmares. On many nights Gray woke up to the image of a group of Afghan soldiers surrounding his cot and emptying their rifles into his sleeping body in retaliation for the murders.
âI dreamed it,â he said, âbecause I thought thatâs what would happen.â
Dave Zettel wasnât on the patrol when the killings were committed but was in the guard tower when Lorance ordered him and another soldier to fire harassing shots into the neighboring village. On his first full day back in the States, Zettel went out to a dinner with a large group from the platoon and their families.
By the end of the night, the soldiers, rattled from the tour, the stress of Loranceâs upcoming trial and the return home, were intoxicated and emotionally falling apart. Zettel held it together until he was alone in a taxi with his wife and brother. In the quiet of the cab, he felt a crushing guilt that he had made it home unscathed.
âI just lost my sâ. I felt like a failure,â he said. âI felt abandoned and so fâing angry.â
In Afghanistan, Army investigators, who were primarily pursuing Lorance, threatened Zettel with aggravated assault charges for the shootings in the tower. And they showed McGuinness a charge sheet accusing him of murder for killing the Afghans who were talking on the radios about targeting Americans.
The threats of prosecution hung over them for months. Eventually, the Army concluded that McGuinnessâs actions were justified. Prosecutors never pursued charges against Zettel.
Instead the Army issued administrative letters of reprimand to Zettel and Matthew Rush, the soldier who fired the rounds at the civilians from the tower. Zettel had watched from the tower but did not shoot.
Ayres and McGuinness â the senior sergeants in the platoon â received disciplinary letters, which can hinder or delay promotions, for their failure to turn Lorance in sooner or stop the killings on the third day.
McGuinness legally changed his surname, which had been Herrmann, in an effort to shed the stigma of the crimes. âI wanted to get away from the entire situation and I thought Iâll change units and no one will know,â he said. But, because of the investigation and trial, McGuinnessâs orders to report to an airborne unit in Italy were canceled. âI ended up staying. People didnât forget,â he said. âIt was awful.â
Shilo, who fired the fatal shots at the men on the motorcycle, was granted immunity and left the Army not long after the trial.
Even those who werenât punished or even on the patrol that day felt tainted. To some of their fellow troops they were the âmurder platoon,â a bunch of out-of-control soldiers who had wantonly killed Afghans. To others they were turncoats who had flipped on their commander. Gray was waiting for a parachute jump at Fort Bragg when he overheard a lieutenant colonel deride the platoon as nothing but a bunch of âtraitors and cowards.â Gray was just a low-ranking specialist, so he kept his mouth shut.
The unit had seen some of the heaviest fighting of the long Afghanistan war, but received no awards for valor. There was no recognition for Twist, who had pulled Walley from a blast crater and applied a tourniquet to the remains of his arm and leg. No one acknowledged Joe Fjeldheim, the platoon medic, who had cut a hole in Hanesâs neck and inserted a breathing tube after a sniperâs bullet left him paralyzed and choking for air.
âNot a single write up. The only thing we received were Purple Hearts for the guys that got messed up,â Zettel said. âWe were treated like we had an infectious disease. The Lorance issue evaporated any support from the Army when we got back, and it was absolutely crushing to those who needed help.â
A group from the unit gathered regularly at Zettelâs apartment off post to drink. Some Saturdays Fjeldheim would show up at 9:30 a.m. with booze and a plan to stay numb through the weekend. When the troops were too hung over to make it to mandatory morning formation and training, he would administer intravenous drips in the barracks.
âI was working at Macyâs, and Iâd dread coming home because someone was doing something stupid or crying in the bathroom,â said Zettelâs wife, Kim. Often, it fell to her to offer a bit of empathy.
The soldiers blamed the killings when they were passed over for promotions or stripped of rank for drinking too much or missing formations. In early 2014, Gray was hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal and put on suicide watch. He had been drinking a half-gallon of whiskey each night to fall asleep. âIt was my off switch,â he said. A few days into his hospital stay, when he was still dosed up on Valium, an officer visited him.
âWhy are you like this?â the officer pressed. âThey are just dead Afghans. Why do you care so much?â
The question infuriated Gray. Before the war crimes, he had believed he was helping Afghans and defending his country. âItâs like youâre this hardcore Christian and some entity drops from the ceiling and says itâs a sham,â he said. âThatâs how it was for me. I thought of the Army as this altruistic thing. I thought it was perfect and honorable. It pains me to tell you how stupid and naive I was. The Lorance stuff just broke my faith. . . . And once you lose your values and your faith, the Army is just another job you hate.â
âYou need to stop running your mouthâ
McGuinness tried to intervene on behalf of his soldiers. He talked to Grayâs new commanders, who McGuinness said wanted to run him out of the Army for being drunk.
âDid you ask him why heâs drinking too much?â McGuinness pressed them.
Zettel asked McGuinness to meet with his new platoon sergeant when the Army, without explanation, blocked him from attending Ranger School.
McGuinness also spoke up for Jarred Ruhl, who had been one of his best soldiers in combat. Ruhl came home from Afghanistan with orders for Hawaii and a promotion to sergeant. But he soon began skipping morning formation, was demoted twice to private first class and forced from the Army.
âI just donât know how to deal with everything that happened,â Ruhl told him. He had been standing next to Lorance when the lieutenant gave the orders to kill the Afghan men.
McGuinness, who said he felt like a failure for not stopping the killings or shielding his men from the fallout, was also self-destructing. âI was mouthy and insubordinate,â he said. He felt distant from his two young children and said he was drunk âsix days a week.â
When conservatives rushed to turn Lorance into a hero, McGuinness felt as though the last shreds of his integrity were under assault. Former Lt. Col. Allen West, who had been relieved of command in 2003 for staging a mock execution of an Iraqi prisoner and was later elected to Congress in the tea party wave, blasted Loranceâs conviction in a Washington Times op-ed as a product of the Armyâs âappallingâ rules of engagement.
The rules were drafted by generals who worried that high civilian casualty rates were driving Afghans to support the Taliban. But West insisted that the rules put U.S. troops at undue risk and reflected President Barack Obamaâs âoutrageous contempt for the military.â West didnât respond to a request for comment.
Fox Newsâs Sean Hannity took up Loranceâs case, calling the conviction a ânational disgrace.â
In 2014, McGuinness was out drinking with an Army friend, and when the friend went home, stayed at the bar until he had downed enough booze to âsedate a rhino.â A military police officer found him later that night, sitting in his truck on All American Parkway, the main drag through Fort Bragg, with a gun in his mouth.
A nurse in the psychiatric ward at Womack Army Medical Center asked him if he really wanted help. âIf you tell me that to get better, Iâve got to eat a 100-pound bag of gummy bears, then Iâm going to eat 100 pounds of gummy bears,â he recalled telling her. âI just canât do this sâ any more.â
It was the end of a 16-year Army career.
Soon the platoon began to suffer losses at home. First Kerner, who was wounded in a bomb blast with the unitâs first platoon leader, died in March 2015 of cancer at age 23. Doctors discovered the malignancy when they were treating his combat wounds. Five months later Hanes, who was paralyzed by the bullet he took to his neck, died of a blood clot at age 24.
âSaying I love you doesnât even scratch the surface of how much you truly mean to me,â he wrote in a note to the platoon three months before he fell into a coma. His closest friends from the unit â Zettel, Dallas Haggard and Fjeldheim, the medic who saved his life â were at his bedside in York, Pa., during his final unconscious hours.
At the funeral there was heavy drinking, just like at Bragg, but now that many in the platoon were out of the Army and no longer had to worry about drug tests, there was also cocaine to numb the pain.
Wives traded tips about how to persuade their husbands to go to therapy and talked about hiding their guns when they grew too depressed.
Ruhl complained to McGuinness that life at home felt empty. âAre you in therapy?â asked McGuinness, who was seeing a therapist and getting ready to start college at age 33.
âI donât know if I can do it,â Ruhl said.
âIt doesnât fâing matter what you think you can do,â he pressed. âIt canât make things worse.â
A few months later Zettel, who had finished college and was commissioned as an officer, stopped in to see Ruhl at his home in Fort Wayne, Ind. Zettel was on his way to a leadership course for new Army officers in Missouri.
Ruhlâs stepbrother told him that Ruhl had pulled a gun on a woman in a traffic dispute just days earlier. âTake his gun,â Zettel advised Ruhlâs stepbrother. âTake it apart and hide the pieces so that he canât get it.â It was impossible, the stepbrother said. Ruhl took his gun everywhere.
Ruhl confided to Zettel that there were days when he couldnât stop thinking about killing himself.
âHow are we going to fix this?â asked Zettel, who helped Ruhl sign up for counseling at a VA hospital.
Before he could start, Ruhl pulled his gun on an acquaintance at a party. His stepbrother tried to wrestle it away and the firearm discharged, severing Ruhlâs femoral artery. He died before paramedics arrived.
Zettel came back for the funeral, then returned to Missouri to finish his five-month leadership course. Four years had passed since the war crimes, but the murders and their aftermath still seemed inescapable. A captain teaching Zettelâs class on rules of engagement used Lorance as a case study, telling the new officers that Lorance had been trying to impose discipline on a platoon that had lost control after one of its soldiers was shot in the neck. The captain was referring to Hanes, who had given Zettel his first salute when he was commissioned as an officer.
Loranceâs soldiers, the captain continued, had violated the rules of engagement and now Lorance, who hadnât fired a shot, was serving a 19-year prison sentence.
Zettel blew up. âI was there and you need to stop running your mouth,â he recalled shouting at the instructor.
The instructor suggested they step out of the classroom. Zettel grew angrier.
âIf I ever see Lorance on the street,â he said. âI am going to rip his fâing throat out.â
âYâall are being led the wrong wayâ
Six days after Trump was inaugurated as president, Hannity asked him in a White House interview about pardoning Lorance. âHe got 30 years,â Hannity said incorrectly. âHe was doing his job, protecting his team in Afghanistan.â
âWeâre looking at a few of them,â said Trump of the case.
In the months after his conviction, Lorance had begun to receive support from United American Patriots (UAP), a nonprofit group that represents soldiers accused of war crimes. UAP helped Lorance find new lawyers who claimed in an appeals court filing that they had uncovered evidence showing that the younger victim was âbiometrically linkedâ to a roadside bomb blast that occurred before his death. The sole survivor, the lawyers said, took part in attacks on U.S. forces after the Americans tried to kill him.
âThe Afghan men were not civilian casualties . . . but were actually combatant bombmakers who intended to harm or kill American soldiers,â the lawyers wrote in their appeal.
In 2017, a military appeals court dismissed the biometric data as irrelevant because Lorance had âno indications that the victims posed any threat at the time of the shootings.â The judges found that the surviving victimâs decision to join the Taliban after the platoon tried to kill him probably would have helped prosecutors by demonstrating âthe direct impact on U.S. forces when the local population believe they are being indiscriminately killed.â
But the biometric evidence and support from UAP helped Loranceâs mother and his legal team get on Trumpâs favorite television shows â âFox & Friendsâ and âHannityâ â where they offered a new account of the killings that differed dramatically from the sworn testimony. In their telling, the motorcycle wasnât stopped on the side of the road with its kickstand down, as testimony and photos from the trial demonstrated, but was speeding toward Lorance and his men when he ordered them to fire.
âHeâs got to make a split-second decision in a war zone,â Hannity said on his television show. âHow did it get to the point where he got prosecuted for this?â
âI feel if he had not made that call,â Loranceâs mother replied, âmy son today would be called a hero, killed in action.â
Hannity turned to Loranceâs lawyer, John Maher. âWas there anybody in the platoon that was with Clint that said that was the wrong decision?â he asked.
âThat I donât rightly know,â replied Maher, who had reviewed the platoonâs testimony.
âThen who made the determination that this was the wrong thing to do?â Hannity pressed.
âThe chain of command,â Maher said.
âPeople that werenât there,â Hannity concluded. Hannity and a Fox News spokeswoman did not respond to multiple requests for comment.
In a recent interview, Maher said his response to Hannityâs question had been âpotentially inartful.â Lorance was in prison because the 1st Platoon soldiers turned him in and testified against him.
But Maher maintained that Lorance had made a split-second decision to protect his men from an enemy ambush. Some of the 1st Platoon soldiers said that the Afghan men had been standing on the side of the road for as long as two minutes before the U.S. gun truck opened fire on Loranceâs orders. Others, including Lorance, estimated they had been stopped for only a few seconds.
âThatâs probably an eternity sitting here in the safety of this environment,â Maher said. âBut I assure you that itâs not like that under volatile, uncertain, unforgiving conditions where life and death are right around the corner and a tardy decision results in death or dismemberment.â
The Afghan men were about 150 to 200 yards from the U.S. position when they were killed. To reach Lorance and his troops, they would have had to scale multiple shoulder-high mud walls.
Zach Thomas, who had been standing just yards from Lorance when he gave the order to fire, was driving to community college in 2017 when he heard Hannity talking about the Lorance case on the radio.
âMy blood just started boiling,â he recalled.
Thomas had spent his last day in the Army testifying against his former platoon leader. He was just 18 when he left for Afghanistan, and like many in the unit, his return home had been difficult. He drank to blunt his PTSD and depression. Two of his sergeants were so worried about him that they let him move out of the barracks and spend his last two months living at their house. His plan after the Army was to forget about Afghanistan and start a new life in his hometown of Crosby, Tex.
Thomas pulled over on the side of the road and looked up the number for Hannityâs radio show in New York City on his cellphone.
âIâm a big fan, but yâall are being led the wrong way,â he told a producer for the show. âThis isnât some innocent guy.â The producer asked him if he knew about the biometric data Loranceâs lawyers had uncovered.
âI donât know about any of that information, but I was there and these people were not enemy combatants,â he said. He could tell he wasnât convincing the producer so he gave her McGuinnessâs cellphone number and urged her to call him. She talked with McGuinness as well but never invited him on the show.
A handful of other soldiers from the platoon did their best to counter Loranceâs story. Todd Fitzgerald, who was also standing near Lorance when he ordered the killings, took to Reddit to defend the unit. He and several other soldiers spoke to the New York Times for a story that detailed the inaccuracies in Loranceâs defense. Fitzgerald, McGuinness and Gray were interviewed for a documentary about the case, âLeavenworth,â that aired on the Starz Network.
In April 2018, the platoon suffered its fourth death since returning home when Nick Carson, 26, crashed his car late at night.
Carson had been with McGuinness in Afghanistan on the day of the killings, and like his squad leader had been threatened with war crimes charges.
âI donât know whatâs fixing to happen, but our platoon leader is making us all out to be murderers,â he told his parents in a 2012 phone call from Afghanistan. âJust know, I am not a murderer.â
Carsonâs mother and stepfather were at Fort Bragg a few months later when he returned from the war. âHe got off that big plane, hugged us and cried and then he said, âI love yâall but I need to be by myself. I just need to go,â â recalled his stepfather.
Carson stayed in the Army after the combat tour, but he struggled with PTSD, depression and anger. He and Ruhl had been best friends and were supposed to go to Hawaii together when they returned from Afghanistan. After Ruhlâs death, Carson tried to explain on the platoonâs private Facebook page why he was skipping his friendâs funeral. âItâs not that I canât physically be there,â he wrote. âI wonât let my last memory of Jarred be at his funeral. I am sorry for that. Most of you know how close Jarred and I were, so this has been extremely difficult to accept.â
On the night of the car accident that killed him, Carson had been drinking and wasnât wearing a seat belt. His parents said he may have fallen asleep while driving. The platoon blamed the war crimes and the deployment.
In Afghanistan, the platoon had dubbed themselves the âHoney Badgersâ after the fearless carnivore.
Back home, they began to refer to themselves as âthe cursed platoon.â
âWho is it this time?â
On October 23rd at 2:44 a.m., Twistâs wife, Emalyn, messaged Sgt. 1st Class Joe Morrissey, who had been Twistâs team leader with the platoon in Afghanistan.
âJames committed suicide tonight,â she wrote from the hospital where the doctors were preparing to harvest his organs. âCould you let his other Army friends know. . . . This is a fucking living nightmare.â It was the platoonâs fifth death since returning home four years earlier.
Morrissey woke to the message at Fort Bragg and began sobbing. His soon-to-be ex-wife knew immediately that another member of the platoon was gone. His first call was to McGuinness, who was returning home from a late-night shift as a bouncer at a Fayetteville bar. The two immediately began calling the rest of the platoon, which was scattered across the country.
The deaths had imbued them with a grim fatalism. âWho is it this time?â a few answered when they saw the 5 a.m. calls from Morrisseyâs phone.
âItâs James,â Morrissey said again and again.
At Fort Jackson, Zettel was administering a predawn fitness test to recruits when he got the call. He punched a fence and rushed back to his office so the new soldiers wouldnât see him fall apart. Alone at his desk, Zettel thought about the steady stream of calls and texts Twist had sent him over the past five years, and he wondered if the messages were an indirect way of asking for help.
McGuinness caught Gray as he headed off to his job at a weapons arsenal in southwest Virginia. His wallpaper on his work computer was a photo of Twist and him in Afghanistan, their rifles slung across their chests. âBack when we were cool,â Twist had written when he texted it to Gray.
The hardest call was to Walley, the soldier Twist had dragged from the blast crater. âWhatâs wrong?â his fiancee asked him when he got the call. âItâs Twist,â Walley told her. She tried to hug him, but he pushed her away. âI need to take this in alone,â he said.
At the funeral, Walley spoke first for the platoon, rocking back and forth on his prosthetic leg. Walley was wounded a month before the murders, but they had affected him too. At times, he felt abandoned by those who had tried to distance themselves from the unit, the murders and the war. âI have to wake up every single day and look in the mirror. Every single day I am hopping in a wheelchair,â he often thought. âI donât get to forget.â
In January 2016, he was drunk and despondent in his apartment outside Atlanta and accidentally fired his pistol through the ceiling and into the apartment above him. After the shooting, Walley cut back on his drinking and returned to college. He was just one semester from graduating.
He stared out at the packed and silent church.
âTwist would probably give me a little bit of crap right now for having not wrote a speech,â he began. âBut I figured Iâd just tell a story. Itâs a little bit of a harsh story, but I think it needs to be told.â
Walley had spent dozens of hours reconstructing every second of the day he was injured. Eight years after the blast, he and his fellow soldiers would still argue over the smallest details: What kind of bomb had caused his wounds? Was it a pressure plate or remote-detonated? What exactly did Morrissey say as he and Carson lifted Walley into the helicopter? For Walley, the details were sacred. Remembering brought him comfort.
He took a breath and described the explosion and its aftermath. âMy right leg was about 20 feet away. It was completely removed. My left leg, the tibia ripped through the [skin]; my foot was facing toward my butt,â he said. His right arm was mangled.
âTwist ended up coming through this cloudy haze,â Walley continued. âHe was the most selfless man that I ever knew on this planet. He did not care if he died. He did not care if his limbs were to get ripped off. He didnât care. He just cared that his guys were okay.â
A few minutes in a combat zone can define a life for good or for ill. âI believe that 10 minutes defined Twist,â Walley said.
Morrissey spoke next of Twistâs successes as a soldier, state trooper and father. âThose of us who knew Twist were extremely proud,â he said. âUnfortunately . . . underneath it all, the demons are still there, still tearing away at us day in and day out.â
âThe men and women in the mud and dirtâ
The 1st Platoon soldiers were still filtering home from Twistâs funeral when Pete Hegseth, a âFox & Friendsâ co-anchor who had advocated on Loranceâs behalf, tweeted that Loranceâs pardon was âimminent.â
The actual release came two weeks later on Nov. 15.
âItâs done. Itâs a political move,â one of the 1st Platoon soldiers wrote on the groupâs private Facebook page. âTime to move on.â
Ayres, who had skipped all five of the platoonâs funerals, agreed. âNot worth any of our time,â he wrote. âWhat matters is that everyone that matters knows he is a piece of sâ. Letâs move on and enjoy life.â
For McGuinness it wasnât an option. He couldnât bear the thought that Lorance was being hailed as a hero by Trump and others, while soldiers like Twist were being forgotten. âIâve buried people that struggled with what happened, and whether through their own hands or their actions, theyâre gone,â he said. âIâm not going to sit quietly while he gets paraded around and theyâre not recognized.â
He texted with Gray, who wasnât on Facebook.
Others in the platoon argued on social media with pro-Trump friends, who insisted Lorance was innocent. âYou realize I was fâing THERE, right?â one soldier wrote to a fellow veteran. âLike you realize I was one of the goddâ WITNESSES who testified, right?!â
Later that evening, Twistâs father, John, called McGuinness, hoping to talk about his son and the pardon. McGuinness shared his memories of Twist, who came to the platoon when he was just 19. âWe put so much work into him,â McGuinness said. He talked about Twistâs quirks â his irritating tendency to correct McGuinness when he got a minor fact wrong about a weapons system.
Twistâs father asked whether the murders and the trial might have contributed to his sonâs torment. Twist wasnât on patrol the day of the killings, but McGuinness believed that what had happened with Lorance had wounded him too. âTwist had a big heart. He was like Gray. He wanted to do good,â McGuinness said. âWhen Lorance took that away, he took a little part of Jimmy, too.â
âThis is absolutely amazing,â Lorance said as his car, escorted by the county constable, rolled to a stop in the high school parking lot.
âItâs a hometown heroâs welcome,â said his cousin from the back seat.
Lorance climbed atop a flatbed trailer. Someone from the crowd gave him an American flag. The vice commander of the local VFW handed him a microphone.
âGod Bless Texas!â Lorance yelled. âGod Bless America!â
At his side was the head of UAP, the group that had worked to free him. Loranceâs case and the publicity generated helped the group boost annual donations by about 150 percent, from $1.8 million in 2015 to more than $4.5 million in 2018.
Lorance, who was wearing his crisp, blue Army uniform â his pants tucked into his boots, paratrooper style â knew exactly what his backers wanted to hear. âWe finally have a president who understands that when we send our troops to fight impossible wars, we must stand behind them,â he told the crowd.
âAmen!â cried a voice from the high school parking lot.
âAmen is right!â Lorance answered.
For those in the parking lot that night, Loranceâs freedom was proof that Trump would stand up for them and their town, population 215, at a moment when large swaths of the country seemed to hold them and their way of life in contempt. âYou know how many people just want to see that someone cares,â said Tiffany West, 37, who was standing feet from the stage.
Lorance thanked his family and the lawmakers who pressed for his release. He talked about Trump and Vice President Pence, who had called him at the penitentiary to tell him that they were setting him free. âWe had a nine-minute conversation,â Lorance said. âYeah, I was timing it. . . . They took time out of their busy day to ask me what I was going to do with the rest of my life.â
He blasted the craven âdeep stateâ military officers he blamed for his conviction. âThatâs not really the military. Thatâs the politicians who run the thing,â he said. âThe men and women in the mud and dirt. Thatâs the real U.S. military.â
He was still talking nearly an hour later when the television news crews from Dallas, about 60 miles away, began packing up their equipment.
âIâm sorry,â he apologized. âI know itâs cold.â
âGo ahead!â a voice shouted.
âYouâre home!â added another.
Soon the crowd began drifting away for the night, past Meritâs post office, its volunteer fire department, its recently shuttered convenience store, and the decaying wood clapboard building that once held its cotton gin. Lorance handed the microphone back to the local VFWâs vice commander, a Gulf War veteran who had organized the gathering and would now get the final word.
âThereâs going to be people out there that are going to try to use this against Trump,â he warned. âWell, weâre going to throw it right back in their faces!â
The next morning Lorance boarded a plane for New York City, where he appeared on âFox & Friendsâ and Hannityâs radio show. In December, he joined Trump onstage at a GOP fundraiser.
In interviews after his release, Lorance insisted that the soldiers who testified against him were pressured by the Army or had turned on him because he was an exacting commander and they lacked discipline. âWhen I walked into the guard tower and the soldiers didnât have their helmet or body armor on, I told them to put it on,â he told Blue Magazine, which advocates on behalf of police officers. âAnd they didnât like that, they didnât like taking orders like that, but I was brought in there to enforce the standard.â
âThereâs almost always more to every story than we knowâ
In Grand Rapids, Twistâs father spent much of the winter trying to unravel the mystery of his sonâs death. His dining room table was covered with foot-high piles of papers from Jamesâs life.
There were old report cards, passports and programs from high school wrestling matches. A second pile from the Army included a spiral notebook that his son had used as a diary when he was going through basic training. A third pile contained a printout of the essay â âThe Invisible War Inside My Headâ â that his son wrote the day before he died.
In it, Twist wrote briefly about the killings that had ârocked and split upâ his platoon. The longest section of the essay recounted the day Walley lost his arm and leg. âI found Sam in a small crater,â he wrote. âHe was missing his right foot and all the muscle and skin around his right tibia/fibula.â That image, he said, played again and again in his head when he returned from the war.
âI really donât understand what PTSD is,â his father said. âYou can read about it, but I donât get it. So far the only thing I can get is that itâs like having . . . poor Sam Walley getting blown upâ playing in your head over and over. âAnd how do you get rid of that?â
Twistâs wife, Emalyn, 27, also had been thinking about the meaning of her husbandâs life and sudden, violent death. In early March she was sitting alone in the parking lot of a nearby Target. Her three children â ages 1, 3 and 5 â were with a friend. She balanced a Starbucks coffee in one hand and hit record on her cellphone camera.
âIt has been kind of a bad week, filled with a lot of âit shouldnât have to be that wayâ kind of moments,â she said. Earlier that morning, she had turned over their house keys to the new owners. Her 5-year-old son spotted the familyâs moving trucks in the driveway and panicked, yelling for her to âstop them.â
Twistâs children remembered their father as a dad who liked to wrestle and sing them to sleep. Emalyn couldnât forget her husbandâs insecurity, bouts of self-loathing and verbal abuse. On the night her husband took his life he was upset with her for going to see a therapist and terrified that she was going to divorce him. In a blog post, Emalyn described him slamming his head into the kitchen counter until blood was running down his face. Then he stormed to their bedroom and shot himself.
Emalyn pressed a pair of leggings to her husbandâs head in a futile attempt to stop the bleeding. With her other hand, she dialed 911. As she listened for the sound of approaching sirens, she stifled the urge to vomit and prayed that their children would not wake.
âI couldnât stand to live in that house or sleep in that bedroom when I had seen so much in there, and that just makes me mad, because I loved that house and I loved that neighborhood,â she said to her cellphone camera. âAnd I shouldnât have had to leave. I shouldnât have had to pull my kids out of their little social circle and all those people who loved them. It shouldnât have to be that way.â
For years she had helped her husband hide his pain from family, friends and even his fellow soldiers. Now she was determined to be honest. âI just donât have to keep up this facade of the grieving widow all the time, even though thatâs also what I am,â she said. âThereâs almost always more to every story than we know. Itâs important to pay attention to that.â
She stopped recording, turned on the ignition and picked up with her day.
âI love youâ
In April with the country locked down by the coronavirus, McGuinness arranged for a dozen of the guys from the platoon to get together on a video call for beers. He and Walley were finishing up their last few college courses before they graduated. A couple of the soldiers and wives were expecting their first children. Two were in the early days of divorces.
An hour into the call almost everyone was drunk or stoned â except for the pregnant wives. One soldier kept streaming as he sat on the toilet. When he was done everyone screamed at him to wash his hands. Another soldier vomited and curled up on the floor.
âThis is better than getting together at funerals,â McGuinness said cheerily.
The troops talked about their plans for the future. Morrissey was just back from another tour in Afghanistan, where he mostly sat on base while the Afghans fought each other. âThereâs no war left there anymore,â he said.
âWhat are you going to do when you retire?â McGuinness asked him.
âLet me finish, before you laugh,â Morrissey replied. âIâm going to go to school to be a barber and open one of those high end barber shops where you can get a drink, a real gentlemanâs haircut and shave with a straight razor.â
Walley tried to talk, but everyone was talking over him. âNo one listens to me,â he joked. âEveryone just stares at the guy with two limbs.â He and his fiancee were planning their wedding for the spring of 2021. They had already reserved a âmansion where we can fit the whole platoon,â he said.
âJust tell me the day and Iâll be there,â McGuinness promised.
Zettel and his wife were expecting their first child on Aug. 10. He was planning on leaving the Army for good in October. âItâs not going to join the Army,â Zettel said of his unborn child. âIâm going to burn everything so it doesnât even know I was in the fâing Army.â
The soldiers talked about the guys they had lost to suicide and self-destructive behavior. And they spoke briefly about Lorance, who has a memoir titled âStolen Valorâ that is going to be published by Hachette Book Group in the fall, when Lorance has said he is planning to start law school. A blurb for the book, posted by the publisher, calls Lorance âa scapegoat for a corrupt militaryâ and asserts that âhis unit turned on him because of his homosexuality.â Loranceâs lawyer said there was no evidence that homophobia played a role in conviction.
âWe looked,â Maher said, âand we came up with nothing.â
In interviews, troops said that in Afghanistan they didnât know Lorance was gay and wouldnât have cared.
âWe took sâ from so many people for so long,â McGuinness said. âIâm not letting that happen anymore. Iâm going to fight back.â
The soldiers shared tips about how to find a good therapist and promised to look out for one another so that there would be no more funerals.
âYou guys mean everything to me,â McGuinness said. âWe have to do this more often. We have to look after each other. If you guys are hurting, hit me up. We can do this instead of just letting things fester.â
He rose from his desk chair â a little wobbly from all the beer. It was 2:30 a.m., and they had been talking for more than four hours. âI love you aâholes,â he said, and signed off the call.
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Russia is killing US soldiers. Trumpâs response is a shameful dereliction of duty | Michael H Fuchs
He has probably known for months, yet he continues to praise Putin. The American president is not looking out for the American people
Donald Trumpâs response to Russiaâs attempts to kill American soldiers in Afghanistan is a dereliction of duty, and yet another sad reminder that the actions of the US president cost American lives.
Numerous reports detail how the Trump administration â and the president himself â were aware as early as 2019 that Russia had been offering bounties to Taliban fighters in Afghanistan to kill US soldiers. The United States reportedly has evidence of money transfers from a bank account controlled by Russian military intelligence to a Taliban-linked account and has identified a possible middleman who helped distribute the cash to the Taliban. These bounties have been linked to the deaths of American soldiers.
Despite the fact that this information was known to the Trump administration for at least months, there is no indication that the president has done anything to punish Russia. The White House has not even attempted to convince the public otherwise. To the contrary, Trump has continued his obsequious behavior towards Vladimir Putin. Since the intelligence on bounties was reportedly provided to Trump in February 2020, Trump has spoken with Putin numerous times, praised Putin publicly, invited Russia to rejoin the G7 group of democracies, and announced the withdrawal of thousands of troops from Germany without consulting US allies â a giant gift to the Russian president.
In its attempts to deflect from the story, the White House has trotted out a dizzying mix of contradictory excuses â including arguing that the information was not briefed to Trump because it was uncorroborated, yet simultaneously serious enough to justify warning US allies. Trump has claimed the whole thing is a hoax. The national security adviser tried to blame one of Trumpâs intelligence briefers for not highlighting it for Trump.
It is impossible to believe that Trump was somehow unaware. Every other senior official in the government would have been made aware of the information; it was widely distributed within the intelligence community by May; and it would have been included in each of the briefings for Trump before his calls with Putin in the last few months. Michael Hayden, the former head of the CIA and NSA, made clear that the intelligence agencies regularly brief the president on information that is not 100% verified â thatâs how intelligence works. And the former national security adviser Susan Rice explained how she would have dealt with information: âHad I, as national security adviser, received even ârawâ reporting that Russia was paying to kill US service members, I would have walked straight into the Oval Office to brief the president.â
Which leads to the disturbing reality: Trump knew that Russia was paying people to kill American soldiers and he not only did nothing to stop it, but he continued to praise and do favors for Putin. Since the moment Trump asked Putin to hack personal information from Trumpâs political opponents in 2016, everyone has wondered why Trump acts as though he is in debt to Putin. Whatever the reason for Trumpâs consistent attempts to ingratiate himself with Putin and seek his help at the expense of the American people â from the 2016 campaign to taking Putinâs word over that of the US intelligence community â the result is clear: Putin believes he can act with impunity against the US. In addition to doing so by targeting US soldiers, he is probably attempting to interfere in our election this year, yet again, to help Trump.
This story is, of course, much bigger than the Trump-Putin relationship. It is about the danger that lies at the core of the Trump administration. The American president, it has become disturbingly clear, is not looking out for the American people. Trump looks out only for himself â whether itâs asking Russia, China, or Ukraine to help him advance his personal political agenda or continuing to profit off his personal business while in office.
Beyond Afghanistan, one need only look at Trumpâs disastrous response to the pandemic, which has already killed more than 128,000 Americans and is currently raging through the country without the slightest hint that Trump will take the actions necessary to save lives.
Whether itâs US soldiers in Afghanistan or the thousands of Americans that have died in the pandemic, it seems every day like the president canât be troubled to do whatâs necessary to protect the American people.
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Opinion piece by George Conway III
âNo one is above the LawâŚâ seems to be the main refrain. Or in Mary Trumpâs case, no one is above family scrutiny if you are brave enough to call it what it is.
What do a gripping family tell-all book and a momentous Supreme Court decision have in common? Quite a lot, it turns out.
The book, to be published next week, comes from Mary L. Trump, a clinical psychologist who happens also to be niece of Donald Trump, the president of the United States. It describes how Donald Trump has been protected by institutions his entire life.
Trump v. Vance , the Supreme Court case decided Thursday, illustrates how the president has pushed those protections to the limit â and how theyâre about to end.
Mary Trumpâs âToo Much and Never Enough: How My Family Created the Worldâs Most Dangerous Manâ tells a remarkable story, the broad strokes of which many already knew. Mary Trump offers a tale of what she calls âmalignantâ family dysfunction, and how it produced a malignantly dysfunctional president.
Itâs an unsparing and relentlessly detailed account. Her professional judgments about the presidentâs indisputable narcissism and, perhaps, sociopathy dovetail with those that other experts have reached before. Yet itâs not the possible diagnoses that give Mary Trumpâs book its punch. Itâs the factual detail â detail that only a family member could provide.
According to the book, Donald Trump paid someone to take the SAT for him. He also tried to trick his mentally declining father into signing a codicil that would have stripped his siblings of their inheritances. Her specifics all lead to the same brutal conclusions: âthe sum total of who my uncle is,â she says, consists of âlies, misrepresentations, and fabrications.â Heâs âincapable of growing, learning, or evolving.â He lacks true competence, his âreal skillsâ being âself-aggrandizement, lying, and sleight of hand.â His own sister, a former federal appellate judge, thinks of her brother as a âclown,â unsuited for office. (Kayleigh McEnany, the White House press secretary, called âToo Much and Never Enoughâ âa book of falsehoods.â)
Above all, Mary Trumpâs point is that her uncle has spent his life being protected from the consequences of his actions and shortcomings. Itâs as though âDonald has been institutionalized for most of his adult life,â she writes, âso there is no way to know how he would thrive, or even survive, on his own in the real world.â Far from being the virtually self-made man he has always pretended to be, Donald Trump was the âvanity projectâ of his father, whose money he used âto prop up an illusionâ of success. When sales of assets of his fatherâs estate werenât enough to clean up his finances, a television producer, through artful editing and image-making, âpresented him as a legitimately successful tycoonâ â something he never managed to be.
And, as Mary Trump notes, her uncle has sought the ultimate institutional protection by invoking the presidency to serve his ends. For Donald Trump, the office has served as a bully pulpit from which he could lie and self-promote, with aides to solve, deflect or cover up his self-inflicted problems. In Vance , Trump tried to leverage the presidency for his personal benefit to an unprecedented extreme: His lawyers argued that the presidency should protect not just him from the legal consequences of his conduct â but his businesses, too.
The case, ironically, came about partly because of Mary Trump. As her book explains, she became a principal confidential source for a New York Times exposĂŠ that described how the Trump Organization, over many years, may have dodged taxes. Those allegations became part of the predicate for a New York state criminal investigation that the president sued to curtail. Trump argued that, because heâs president, not even his accountants had to respond to the district attorneyâs subpoena.
The Supreme Court would have none of it. Its decision rejected Trumpâs narcissistic vision of the presidency. âIn our judicial system,â Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. wrote for the court, âthe public has a right to every manâs evidence.â And that includes a presidentâs evidence. Just as other presidents have âuniformlyâ given evidence when required of them, the court held, so, too will Donald Trump and his businesses and accountants. Indeed, the court confirmed, âstate grand juries are free to investigate a sitting president with an eye toward charging him after the completion of his term.â On these points, at least, the court was unanimous. As Justice Brett M. Kavanaughâs concurring opinion aptly put, âno one is above the law.â
Not even Donald Trump.
For the country, by adhering to that principle, the court vindicated the rule of law. But for Donald Trump personally, his nieceâs book and the Supreme Courtâs decision may someday be remembered as the beginning of the end of his institutional protections. And not just in a legal sense. Much of the power of the presidency comes from the perception of it, and that perception is now waning as the president bleeds out in the polls. As that power ebbs, more Mary Trumps and John Boltons will tell their stories, or give their evidence to investigators, with ever less fear.
As Mary Trump puts it in her book, âthe wallsâ of her uncleâs âvery expensive and well-guarded padded cell are starting to disintegrate.â Come January, they should be gone for good.
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Trumpâs Occupation of American Cities Has Begun
Protesters are being snatched from the streets without warrants. Can we call it fascism yet?
By Michelle Goldberg
July 20, 2020
The month after Donald Trumpâs inauguration, the Yale historian Timothy Snyder published the best-selling book âOn Tyranny: Twenty Lessons From the Twentieth Century.â It was part of a small flood of titles meant to help Americans find their bearings as the new president laid siege to liberal democracy.
One of Snyderâs lessons was, âBe wary of paramilitaries.â He wrote, âWhen the pro-leader paramilitary and the official police and military intermingle, the end has come.â In 2017, the idea of unidentified agents in camouflage snatching leftists off the streets without warrants might have seemed like a febrile Resistance fantasy. Now itâs happening.
According to a lawsuit filed by Oregonâs attorney general, Ellen Rosenblum, on Friday, federal agents âhave been using unmarked vehicles to drive around downtown Portland, detain protesters, and place them into the officersâ unmarked vehiclesâ since at least last Tuesday. The protesters are neither arrested nor told why theyâre being held.
Thereâs no way to know the affiliation of all the agents â theyâve been wearing military fatigues with patches that just say âPoliceâ â but The Times reported that some of them are part of a specialized Border Patrol group âthat normally is tasked with investigating drug smuggling organizations.â
The Trump administration has announced that it intends to send a similar force to other cities; on Monday, The Chicago Tribune reported on plans to deploy about 150 federal agents to Chicago. âI donât need invitations by the state,â Chad Wolf, acting secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, said on Fox News Monday, adding, âWeâre going to do that whether they like us there or not.â
In Portland, we see what such an occupation looks like. Oregon Public Broadcasting reported on 29-year-old Mark Pettibone, who early last Wednesday was grabbed off the street by unidentified men, hustled into an unmarked minivan and taken to a holding cell in the federal courthouse. He was eventually released without learning who had abducted him.
A federal agent shot 26-year-old Donavan La Bella in the head with an impact munition; he was hospitalized and needed reconstructive surgery. In a widely circulated video, a 53-year-old Navy veteran was pepper sprayed and beaten after approaching federal agents to ask them about their oaths to the Constitution, leaving him with two broken bones.
Thereâs something particularly terrifying in the use of Border Patrol agents against American dissidents. After the attack on protesters near the White House last month, the military pushed back on Trumpâs attempts to turn it against the citizenry. Police officers in many cities are willing to brutalize demonstrators, but theyâre under local control. U.S. Customs and Border Protection, however, is under federal authority, has leadership thatâs fanatically devoted to Trump and is saturated with far-right politics.
âIt doesnât surprise me that Donald Trump picked C.B.P. to be the ones to go over to Portland and do this,â Representative Joaquin Castro, Democrat of Texas, told me. âIt has been a very problematic agency in terms of respecting human rights and in terms of respecting the law.â
It is true that C.B.P. is not an extragovernmental militia, and so might not fit precisely into Snyderâs âOn Tyrannyâ schema. But when I spoke to Snyder on Monday, he suggested the distinction isnât that significant. âThe state is allowed to use force, but the state is allowed to use force according to rules,â he said. These agents, operating outside their normal roles, are by all appearances behaving lawlessly.
Snyder pointed out that the history of autocracy offers several examples of border agents being used against regime enemies.
âThis is a classic way that violence happens in authoritarian regimes, whether itâs Francoâs Spain or whether itâs the Russian Empire,â said Snyder. âThe people who are getting used to committing violence on the border are then brought in to commit violence against people in the interior.â
Castro worries that since the agents are unidentified, far-right groups could easily masquerade as them to go after their enemies on the left. âIt becomes more likely the more that this tactic is used,â he said. âI think itâs unconstitutional and dangerous and heading towards fascism.â
On Friday, the House speaker, Nancy Pelosi, tweeted about whatâs happening in Portland: âTrump and his storm troopers must be stopped.â She didnât mention what Congress plans to do to stop them, but the House will soon vote on a homeland security appropriations bill. People outraged about the administrationâs police-state tactics should demand, at a minimum, that Congress hold up the departmentâs funding until those tactics are halted.
Through the Trump years, thereâs been a debate about whether the presidentâs authoritarianism is tempered by his incompetence. Those who think concern about fascism is overblown can cite several instances when the administration has been beaten back after overreaching. But all too often the White House has persevered, deforming American life until what once seemed like worst-case scenarios become the status quo.
Trump has already established that his allies, like Michael Flynn and Roger Stone, are above the law. What happens now will tell us how many of us are below it.
Yeah, itâs just fascism, itâs ok to say it now.
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Some presidents, when they get into trouble before an election, try to âwag the dogâ by starting a war abroad. Donald Trump seems ready to wag the dog by starting a war at home. Be afraid â he just might get his wish.
âŚI have zero tolerance for any American protesters who resort to violence in any U.S. city, because it damages homes and businesses already hammered by the coronavirus â many of them minority-owned â and because violence will only turn off and repel the majority needed to drive change.
But when I heard Trump suggest, as he did in the Oval Office on Monday, that he was going to send federal forces into U.S. cities, where the local mayors have not invited him, the first word that popped into my head was âSyria.â
Listen to how Trump put it: âIâm going to do something â that, I can tell you. Because weâre not going to let New York and Chicago and Philadelphia and Detroit and Baltimore and all of these â Oakland is a mess. Weâre not going to let this happen in our country.â
These cities, Trump stressed, are âall run by very liberal Democrats. All run, really, by radical left. If Biden got in, that would be true for the country. The whole country would go to hell. And weâre not going to let it go to hell.â
This is coming so straight from the Middle East Dictatorâs Handbook, itâs chilling. In Syria, al-Assad used plainclothes, pro-regime thugs, known as the shabiha (âthe apparitionsâ) to make protesters disappear. In Portland, Ore., we saw militarized federal forces wearing battle fatigues, but no identifiable markings, arresting people and putting them into unmarked vans. How can this happen in America?
Authoritarian populists â whether Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Turkey, Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil, Rodrigo Duterte in the Philippines, Vladimir Putin in Russia, Viktor Orban in Hungary, Jaroslaw Kaczynski in Poland, or al-Assad â âwin by dividing the people and presenting themselves as the savior of the good and ordinary citizens against the undeserving agents of subversion and âcultural pollution,ââ explained Stanfordâs Larry Diamond, author of âIll Winds: Saving Democracy From Russian Rage, Chinese Ambition, and American Complacency.â
In the face of such a threat, the left needs to be smart. Stop calling for âdefunding the policeâ and then saying that âdefundingâ doesnât mean disbanding. If it doesnât mean that then say what it means: âreform.â Defunding the police, calling police officers âpigs,â taking over whole neighborhoods with barricades â these are terrible messages, not to mention strategies, easily exploitable by Trump.
The scene that The Timesâs Mike Baker described from Portland in the early hours of Tuesday â Day 54 of the protests there â is not good: âSome leaders in the Black community, grateful for a reckoning on race, worry that what should be a moment for racial justice could be squandered by violence. Businesses supportive of reforms have been left demoralized by the mayhem the protests have brought. ⌠On Tuesday morning, police said another jewelry store had been looted. As federal agents appeared to try detaining one person, others in the crowd rushed to free the person.â
A new Washington Post-ABC News poll, according to The Post, found that a âmajority of Americans support the Black Lives Matter movement and a record 69 percent say Black people and other minorities are not treated as equal to white people in the criminal justice system. But the public generally opposes calls to shift some police funding to social services or remove statues of Confederate generals or presidents who enslaved people.â
All of this street violence and defund-the-police rhetoric plays into the only effective Trump ad that Iâve seen on television. It goes like this: A phone rings and a recording begins: âYou have reached the 911 police emergency line. Due to defunding of the police department, weâre sorry but no one is here to take your call. If youâre calling to report a rape, please press 1. To report a murder, press 2. To report a home invasion, press 3. For all other crimes, leave your name and number and someone will get back to you. Our estimated wait time is currently five days. Goodbye.â
Todayâs protesters need to trump Trump by taking a page from another foreign leader â a liberal â Ekrem Imamoglu, who managed to win the 2019 election to become the mayor of Istanbul, despite the illiberal Erdogan using every dirty trick possible to steal the election. Imamogluâs campaign strategy was called âradical love.â
Radical love meant reaching out to the more traditional and religious Erdogan supporters, listening to them, showing them respect and making clear that they were not âthe enemyâ â that Erdogan was the enemy, because he was the enemy of unity and mutual respect, and there could be no progress without them.
As a recent essay on Imamogluâs strategy in The Journal of Democracy noted, he overcame Erdogan with a âmessage of inclusiveness, an attitude of respect toward [Erdogan] supporters, and a focus on bread-and-butter issues that could unite voters across opposing political camps. On June 23, Imamoglu was again elected mayor of Istanbul, but this time with more than 54 percent of the vote â the largest mandate obtained by an Istanbul mayor since 1984 â against 45 percent for his opponent.â
Radical love. Wow. I bet that could work in America, too. Itâs the perfect answer to Trumpâs politics of division â and itâs the one strategy heâll never imitate.
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Sifting through how open or closed people of different political bents are essentially. Worth a read.
Trumpâs America has accelerated âthe authoritarian dynamic.â
In the continuing debate over whether liberals or conservatives are more open minded, whether those on the left or the right are more rigid in their thinking, a team of four Canadian psychologists studied patterns of âcognitive reflectionâ among Americans.
They found that a willingness to change oneâs convictions in the face of new evidence
was robustly associated with political liberalism, the rejection of traditional moral values, the acceptance of science, and skepticism about religious, paranormal, and conspiratorial claims.
Those who ranked high on a scale designed to measure the level of a respondentâs âactively open-minded thinking about evidenceâ were linked with the acceptance of âanthropogenic global warming and support for free speech on college campuses.â
Conversely, the authors â Gordon Pennycook of the University of Regina, and James Allan Cheyne, Derek J. Koehler and Jonathan A. Fugelsang of the University of Waterloo â found that an aversion to altering oneâs belief on the basis of evidence was more common among conservatives and that this correlated âwith beliefs about topics ranging from extrasensory perception, to respect for tradition, to abortion, to God.â
In their forthcoming paper, âOn the belief that beliefs should change according to evidence,â the authors develop an eight-item âActively Open-minded Thinking about Evidence Scale.â People taking the test are asked their level of agreement or disagreement with a series of statements including:
âA person should always consider new possibilities.â
âCertain beliefs are just too important to abandon no matter how good a case can be made against them.â
âOne should disregard evidence that conflicts with your established beliefs.â
âNo one can talk me out of something I know is right.â
âI believe that loyalty to oneâs ideals and principles is more important than âopen-mindednessâ.â
Pennycook and his co-authors concluded:
People who reported believing that beliefs and opinions should change according to evidence were less likely to be religious, less likely to hold paranormal and conspiratorial beliefs, more likely to believe in a variety of scientific claims, and were more politically liberal in terms of overall ideology, partisan affiliation, moral values, and a variety of specific political opinions.
In other words, there is one more item to add to the constantly growing list of factors driving polarization in America: Those on the left and right appear to use substantially different cognitive processes to interpret events in the world around them, large and small.
At the same time, there are scholars who raise questions about these and similar conclusions concerning the reported differences in open-mindedness between conservatives and liberals.
âDiscrimination Across the Ideological Divide: The Role of Value Violations and Abstract Values in Discrimination by Liberals and Conservatives,â a 2013 paper by Geoffrey A. Wetherell, Mark J. Brandt and Christine Reyna of Valparaiso University, Tilburg University in the Netherlands and DePaul University, challenges the common notion that there are marked differences between liberals and conservatives on measures of tolerance and bias: âDespite ample research linking conservatism to discrimination and liberalism to tolerance, both groups may discriminate,â they write.
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Itâs WAY past time, if you ask meâŚthe GOP has obviously been on this for quite some timeâŚ
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Homeland Security Was Destined to Become a Secret Police Force
Masha Gessen July 25, 2020
In a press conference on Tuesday, Chad Wolf, the acting head of the Department of Homeland Security, responded to media reports that unidentified federal agents using unmarked vehicles have been arresting protesters in Portland, Oregon. Since early July, men in military-style uniforms have waged battle against protesters there, using tear gas and nonlethal munitions; video and photographs coming out of Portland have shown scenes of urban warfare, with what looks like a regular army moving on unarmed protesters night after night. On behalf of the D.H.S. and its uniformed services, Wolf claimed responsibility for the armed presence in Portland. He asserted that his agency was doing exactly what it was created to do. He was right.
The rationale for the creation of the D.H.S., as laid out by the George W. Bush Administration, was that the knowledge, skills, and capabilities that could have stopped the 9/11 attacks were spread out among many government agencies, with no single body in charge of fighting terrorism. The proposal for creating the department presented hypothetical examples of failures to coĂśrdinate among different agencies. When a ship sailed into U.S. waters, for instance, the Coast Guard had the power to stop it for inspection, but it was up to the Immigration and Naturalization Service to deal with the people on board, and up to Customs and Border Protection or the Department of Agriculture to stop any dangerous or illegal cargo. The examples made D.H.S. seem like something that should exist. That logic held, though, only if you thought about travel, immigration, and trade primarily as security concerns. There are countries that think like that. I grew up in oneâit was called the Soviet Union, and it had an agency, the Committee for State Security (K.G.B.), which had its tentacles in every area of society.
The creation of the D.H.S. marked a shift in the way that Americans think and talk about the country, and about people. Four years ago, in an essay for the Times Magazine , the journalist James Traub traced the appearance and evolution of the word âhomelandâ in American language. âThe rise of âhomelandâ ⌠tracks the rise of the national sense of vulnerability,â Traub wrote. âAs we use it now, âhomelandâ means âthe country insofar as it is endangered.â â The word had surfaced in 1997, in a Pentagon report warning that the singular threat to U.S. security, which the Soviet Union once posed, had been replaced by a diffuse threat from different sources. By 2001, âhomelandâ had sudden tractionâit was a word that had found its meaning. By the time Traub was writing, in 2016, all of the contenders for the Republican nomination for Presidentâa group in which Donald Trump may have still seemed an outlierâwere trafficking in fear for the land. âHomelandâ is also a nativist term: it refers to the country where you were born, or else it comes with the qualifier âadopted,â which suggests that your claim to the homeland is contingent. (Sure enough, under Trump, the federal government has moved toward seeing naturalized citizen ship as revocable .)
âHomelandâ is an anxious, combative word: it denotes a place under assault, in need of aggressive defense from shape-shifting dangers. The original proposal for the D.H.S. described the agency as âa new government structure to protect against invisible enemies that can strike with a wide variety of weaponsâ; one hypothetical example of an invisible enemy was âa non-citizen that intends to enter our nation and attack one of our chemical facilities.â The nation used to protect itself against other nations and their hostile military forces, but now it had to fear individuals. This is the premise on which secret police forces are built. Their stated purpose is to find danger where normal human activity appears to be taking place. The D.H.S. began with mobilizing against the foreign-born, via Immigration and Customs Enforcement (which replaced the Immigration and Naturalization Service). The logic of the secret police, however, dictates that it perpetually has to look in new places for threats.
When Bush signed the Homeland Security Act, in November of 2002, bringing the D.H.S. into existence, he touted it as âthe most extensive reorganization of the federal government since Harry Truman signed the National Security Act,â and spoke of âruthless killers who move and plot in shadows.â He promised, âWeâre on the hunt. One person at a time.â Bushâs words echoed the promise that fuelled Vladimir Putinâs rise in Russia. In a speech that brought him to sudden prominence, in 1999, the former K.G.B. colonel promised to âhunt downâ terrorists and âsnuff them out in the outhouse,â if thatâs where they happened to be found. The secret police, even when it looks and appears to act like an army, always has a single individual as its target. Its goal is to make a person, alone, face the might of the state.
In Portland, the men in military-style uniforms have been picking up and detaining individuals while they are walking alone, often after a protest ends. At the press conference on Tuesday, Wolf owned the tactic of tracking people down and picking them up at some distance from protests. âWhen you have five hundred, six hundred violent individuals, violent criminals across the street from you, trying to inflict harm on your property and at law-enforcement officers ⌠we donât go into that crowd,â he said. âWe donât try to go into a violent crowd of four hundred people and try to arrest peopleâthatâs dangerous.â Mark Morgan, the acting commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, explained that his troops were using unmarked vehicles because police vehicles in other cities had been attacked by protesters; similarly, he said, his men didnât have their names on their uniforms for fear of attacks on their homes and families. The C.B.P. is the largest law-enforcement agency in the country. Its leaderâwho at the same briefing stated that his troops are highly trained and experienced in putting down riotsâand his boss, Chad Wolf, were telling the nation that they are terrified of the protesters. These men represent a government agency born of fear. Their tactics are designed to engender an equal amount of fear in the people they see as their enemies. The secret police is always a terror-production machine.
Morgan has been running the C.B.P. since July of last year; Wolf has been at the head of the D.H.S. since November. Both men have the word âactingâ before their titles, because neither has been confirmed by the Senate. A recent lawsuit filed by advocates for asylum seekers alleges that Wolf is occupying his post illegally, because a federal statute called the Vacancies Act places a two-hundred-and-ten-day limit on the tenure of an âactingâ officer. The Stanford law professor Anne Joseph OâConnell, who has written on Trumpâs use of âactingâ officialsâhe has employed more of them, and for longer, than past Presidentsâtold me via e-mail that Wolfâs appointment was made in violation of a different federal statute, the Homeland Security Act. (The same point has been raisedby top congressional Democrats, who last year called for an emergency review of D.H.S. appointments.) Under the Vacancies Act, some actions of an illegitimately appointed secretary would be null and void. No one knows, however, how this restriction could be enforced, or what the consequences might be.
As we learn more about what is happening in Portlandâas footage of federal troops waging war on protesters floods social media, and as the President threatens to send his foot soldiers to other large citiesâwe are watching the perfect and perhaps inevitable combination of a domestic-security superagency and a President who rejects all mechanisms of accountability, including the Senate confirmation process. What we are also seeing is a perfect storm of fear: the legacy of fear cultivated in the wake of 9/11, and the fear that Trump campaigned on in 2016 and continues to campaign on now.
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Jihadist plots used to be U.S. and Europeâs biggest terrorist threat. Now itâs the far right.
An increasing percentage of plans and attacks in the U.S. are linked to far-right activity, said Seth Jones of the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
LONDON â The threat of terrorism â particularly from the far right â should be a major concern for governments on both sides of the Atlantic as coronavirus restrictions continue to ease, according to multiple experts and former law enforcement officials who have experience monitoring violent extremist activity.
High unemployment levels due to the pandemic, poor economic prospects and the spread of disinformation through the internet and social media could accelerate radicalization, they said.
And after a major drive by law enforcement agencies to disrupt the organizing potential of violent Islamist movements in the United States and in Europe, where hundreds of people have returned from the battlefields in Iraq and Syria, recent analysis suggests far-right groups now pose the most significant threat to public safety.
âWe see an increasing percentage of plots and attacks in the United States shifting over the past couple of years from jihadist motivations, increasingly, to far-right activity,â said Seth Jones, who directs the Transnational Threats Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington, D.C., think tank.
Jones defined right-wing extremists as âsub-national or non-state entitiesâ with goals that could include ethnic or racial supremacy. They can also be marked by anger against specific policies like abortion rights and government authority, as well as hatred toward women, or they may be members of the âinvoluntary celibate,â or âincel,â movement.
A report he co-authored recorded 14 terrorist incidents, including attacks and disrupted plots, from Jan. 1 to May 8. Thirteen of them were classified as right-wing, and the other was recorded as being religiously motivated in the context of jihadism.
The report found that the comparable figure for right-wing attacks and plots in 2019 was a little more than 60 percent, which itself was the highest level of such activity since 1995, the year of the Oklahoma City bombing of a federal building, which killed 168 people. And in both 2018 and 2019, right-wing attackers caused more than 90 percent of the terrorism-related deaths in the United States.
Jones said the threat of terrorism had probably increased in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the combined activities of those opposed to lockdowns and other restrictions, anti-federal militia members and their backers, and far-right activists energized by the countryâs polarized politics or angered by the Black Lives Matter movement.
The highest-profile recent attacks came in late May and early June, when California police officers and security personnel were ambushed in separate attacks, leaving two people dead and three others injured. The FBI said one of the suspects who was arrested was associated with a loosely organized far-right âBoogalooâ movement.
âThere is a growing trend of right-wing extremism in the U.K., but it is not as significant as the rising right-wing extremism in America,â said retired Maj. Gen. Clive Chapman, the former head of counterterrorism for Britainâs Defense Ministry.
He said that, in the almost two decades since the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, D.C., more Americans â 335, according to data compiled by the Center for Strategic and International Studies â have been killed by adherents of a form of right-wing extremism than any other terrorist ideology.
He said terrorists need more than just an ideology to act â they often nurse grievances of some kind and typically have encountered what he termed a ârecruitment environment.â That could be a social activity in a real-life community, he said, or it could be online.
But Thomas Hegghammer, a senior research fellow at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment in Oslo, said that while the recent shift to far-right terrorist activity has not passed unnoticed by law enforcement internationally, the kind of websites that might radicalize right-wing actors have been subject to far less scrutiny than has been accorded to the equivalent jihadist literature.
âThe threat hasnât been perceived as sufficiently severe,â he said. âTo put it bluntly, there hasnât been enough mass casualty terrorism from the far right for Western governments to put the full weight of their intelligence apparatus into this.â
The limited censorship and law enforcement surveillance of âhard-core far-right extremist propagandaâ on the internet has made it easier for users to access such material without inviting attention from government intelligence agencies, Hegghammer said â at least for now.
Meanwhile, the clampdown on online jihadist activity has significantly affected the ability of organizations like the Islamic State militant group to reach new audiences online and to recruit adherents, he said. After a spate of high-profile attacks in Brussels, Paris and London several years ago, the frequency of such incidents has fallen recently.
âIn a sense, weâve kind of taken away their communication platform. And now the coronavirus is taking away the analogue âin real lifeâ platform,â together with the media attention that Hegghammer described as the âlifebloodâ of modern jihadist terrorist attacks.
âThe net effect of the corona crisis is negative for the militants, for the radicals,â he said. âI would be kind of frustrated if I were a jihadi strategist in this time. And I would be looking forward to the post-corona era.â
Internet activity may have spiked during the lockdowns among would-be jihadists who are no longer interacting with people in person and who may have struggled to get involved in Islamic extremist networks in the past. But that now comes with clear pitfalls because of the heightened surveillance, said Raffaello Pantucci, a senior associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, a British think thank.
In a video call from Singapore, he pointed to a Moroccan man who was arrested in Spain last month after authorities observed what they described as his constant activity on social media and his anonymized access to radical jihadist content.
He was suspected of disseminating âjihadist terrorist propagandaâ through the internet, according to a Europol notice published shortly after his arrest, âand demonstrated a full adherence to the postulates of terrorist groups, fully justifying their violent actions.â
Pantucci said of the manâs self-radicalization: âIt seemed to be very linked to the fact that he was locked in because of coronavirus. Those kinds of cases, I think, are going to be ones that weâre going to see more problems with going forward.â
This article is worth reading⌠but itâs also nothing new. Right-wing attacks have been the vast majority in the U.S. for years.
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You Can Stop Cleaning Your Mail Now
People are power scrubbing their way to a false sense of security.
As a COVID-19 summer surge sweeps the country, deep cleans are all the rage.
National restaurants such as Applebeeâs are deputizing sanitation czars to oversee the constant scrubbing of window ledges, menus, and high chairs. The gym chain Planet Fitness is boasting in ads that âthereâs no surface we wonât sanitize, no machine we wonât scrub.â New York City is shutting down its subway system every night, for the first time in its 116-year history, to blast the seats, walls, and poles with a variety of antiseptic weaponry, including electrostatic disinfectant sprays. And in Wauchula, Florida, the local government gave one resident permission to spray the town with hydrogen peroxide as he saw fit. âI think every city in the damn United States needs to be doing it," he said.
To some American companies and Florida men, COVID-19 is apparently a war that will be won through antimicrobial blasting, to ensure that pathogens are banished from every square inch of Americaâs surface area.
But what if this is all just a huge waste of time?
In May, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its guidelines to clarify that while COVID-19 spreads easily among speakers and sneezers in close encounters, touching a surface âisnât thought to be the main way the virus spreads.â Other scientists have reached a more forceful conclusion. âSurface transmission of COVID-19 is not justified at all by the science,â Emanuel Goldman, a microbiology professor at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, told me. He also emphasized the primacy of airborne person-to-person transmission.
There is a historical echo here. After 9/11, physical security became a national obsession, especially in airports, where the Transportation Security Administration patted down the crotches of innumerable grandmothers for possible explosives. My colleague Jim Fallows repeatedly referred to this wasteful bonanza as âsecurity theater.â
COVID-19 has reawakened Americaâs spirit of misdirected anxiety, inspiring businesses and families to obsess over risk-reduction rituals that make us feel safer but donât actually do much to reduce riskâeven as more dangerous activities are still allowed. This is hygiene theater.
Scientists still donât have a perfect grip on COVID-19âthey donât know where exactly it came from, how exactly to treat it, or how long immunity lasts.
But in the past few months, scientists have converged on a theory of how this disease travels: via air. The disease typically spreads among people through large droplets expelled in sneezes and coughs, or through smaller aerosolized droplets, as from conversations, during which saliva spray can linger in the air.
Surface transmissionâfrom touching doorknobs, mail, food-delivery packages, and subways polesâseems quite rare. ( Quite rare isnât the same as impossible : The scientists I spoke with constantly repeated the phrase âpeople should still wash their hands.â) The difference may be a simple matter of time. In the hours that can elapse between, say, Person 1 coughing on her hand and using it to push open a door and Person 2 touching the same door and rubbing his eye, the virus particles from the initial cough may have sufficiently deteriorated.
The fact that surface areasâor âfomites,â in medical jargonâare less likely to convey the virus might seem counterintuitive to people who have internalized certain notions of grimy germs, or who read many news articles in March about the danger of COVID-19-contaminated food. Backing up those scary stories were several U.S. studies that found that COVID-19 particles could survive on surfaces for many hours and even days.
But in a July article in the medical journal The Lancet , Goldman excoriated those conclusions. All those studies that made COVID-19 seem likely to live for days on metal and paper bags were based on unrealistically strong concentrations of the virus. As he explained to me, as many as 100 people would need to sneeze on the same area of a table to mimic some of their experimental conditions. The studies âstacked the deck to get a result that bears no resemblance to the real world," Goldman said.
As a thousand internet commenters know by heart, absence of evidence is not evidence of absence . But with hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of scientists around the world tracing COVID-19âs chains of transmission, the extreme infrequency of evidence may indeed be evidence of extreme infrequency.
A good case study of how the coronavirus spreads, and does not spread, is the famous March outbreak in a mixed-use skyscraper in Seoul, South Korea. On one side of the 11th floor of the building, about half the members of a chatty call center got sick. But less than 1 percent of the remainder of the building contracted COVID-19, even though more than 1,000 workers and residents shared elevators and were surely touching the same buttons within minutes of one another. âThe call-center case is a great example,â says Donald Schaffner, a food-microbiology professor who studies disease contamination at Rutgers University. âYou had clear airborne transmission with many, many opportunities for mass fomite transmission in the same place. But we just didnât see it.â Schaffner told me, âIn the entire peer-reviewed COVID-19 literature, Iâve found maybe one truly plausible report, in Singapore, of fomite transmission. And even there, it is not a slam-dunk case. â
The scientists I spoke with emphasized that people should still wash their hands, avoid touching their face when theyâve recently been in public areas, and even use gloves in certain high-contact jobs. They also said deep cleans were perfectly justified in hospitals. But they pointed out that the excesses of hygiene theater have negative consequences.
For one thing, an obsession with contaminated surfaces distracts from more effective ways to combat COVID-19. âPeople have prevention fatigue,â Goldman told me. âTheyâre exhausted by all the information weâre throwing at them. We have to communicate priorities clearly; otherwise, theyâll be overloaded.â
Hygiene theater can take limited resources away from more important goals. Goldman shared with me an email he had received from a New Jersey teacher after his Lancet article came out. She said her local schools had considered shutting one day each week for âdeep cleaning.â At a time when returning to school will require herculean efforts from teachers and extraordinary ingenuity from administrators to keep kids safely distanced, setting aside entire days to clean surfaces would be a pitiful waste of time and scarce local tax revenue.
New York Cityâs decision to spend lavishly on power scrubbing its subways shows how absurd hygiene theater can be, in practice. As the cityâs transit authority considers reduced service and layoffs to offset declines in ticket revenue, it is on pace to spend more than $100 million this year on new cleaning practices and disinfectants. Money that could be spent on distributing masks, or on PSA campaigns about distancing, or actual subway service , is being poured into antiseptic experiments that might be entirely unnecessary. Worst of all, these cleaning sessions shut down trains for hours in the early morning, hurting countless late-night workers and early-morning commuters.
As long as people wear masks and donât lick one another, New Yorkâs subway-germ panic seems irrational. In Japan, ridership has returned to normal, and outbreaks traced to its famously crowded public transit system have been so scarce that the Japanese virologist Hitoshi Oshitani concluded, in an email to The Atlantic , that âtransmission on the train is not common.â Like airline travelers forced to wait forever in line so that septuagenarians can get a patdown for underwear bombs, New Yorkers are being inconvenienced in the interest of eliminating a vanishingly small risk.
Finally, and most important, hygiene theater builds a false sense of security, which can ironically lead to more infections. Many bars, indoor restaurants, and gyms, where patrons are huffing and puffing one anotherâs stale air, shouldnât be open at all. They should be shut down and bailed out by the government until the pandemic is under control. No amount of soap and bleach changes this calculation.
Instead, many of these establishments are boasting about their cleaning practices while inviting strangers into unventilated indoor spaces to share one anotherâs microbial exhalations. This logic is warped. It completely misrepresents the nature of an airborne threat. Itâs as if an oceanside town stalked by a frenzy of ravenous sharks urged people to return to the beach by saying, We care about your health and safety, so weâve reinforced the boardwalk with concrete. Lovely. Now people can sturdily walk into the ocean and be separated from their limbs.
By funneling our anxieties into empty cleaning rituals, we lose focus on the more common modes of COVID-19 transmission and the most crucial policies to stop this plague. âMy point is not to relax, but rather to focus on what matters and what works,â Goldman said. âMasks, social distancing, and moving activities outdoors. Thatâs it. Thatâs how we protect ourselves. Thatâs how we beat this thing.â
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Paul Krugman has some insight.
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Hierarchy v. Fairness
The right-wingâwhich until recently loved the 10th Amendment and revered statesâ rightsâis now fine with sending federal troops to trample statesâ rights.
Meanwhile, Trump canceled his convention because of COVID while insisting that schools open.
From Andy Slavittâs thread yesterday: the people dying from COVID-19 are largely âessential workersâ and those without the privilege of staying home.
In other words, Trump plays golf, while insisting that others go to work and expose themselves to COVID.
Itâs all about hierarchy v. fairness.
Hierarchy people think thereâs a natural order: Some people belong on top. Others at the bottom. They donât believe equality is possible. For them, the purpose of government is to allocate power. When hierarchy people are in power, they try to solidify their power and grab more. They assume everyone uses government this way.
Fairness people, in contrast, believe equality is possible. For them, the purpose of government is to give everyone equal opportunity and prevent cheating. Democratic leaders, therefore, spend their time trying to do things like give everyone healthcare. Hierarchy leaders, on the other hand, try to take the healthcare away because, they argue, the people at the top shouldnât have to pay for the people at the bottomâa policy which reinforced the hierarchy.
Ted Cruz thinks giving billion-dollar tax cuts to the rich is âgood government.â Meanwhile, he tells a lie to justify forcing people to work in dangerous conditions.
Hierarchy also informed the Confederacy: Those at the bottom labor and die. Those at the top live in luxury. Why do you think Trump feels such an affinity for the Confederacy?
Q: Does this take us forward into some unknown place where weâve never been before, or is this looping us backward to a previous era?
A: Both, depending on who you are.
For most of US history, local police were completely unfettered. Before the Fourteenth Amendmentâadded to the Constitution after the Civil Warâthere were few limits on states could do. Thatâs why we had slavery.
After the Fourteenth Amendment, states insisted on the right to police as they pleased under the Tenth Amendment.
Police power during the first half of the 20th century was largely used to keep Black men in line. From the 1930s to the 1960s, the Supreme Court heard police brutality cases (Black men were usually the defendant) and began restricting what police could do under the 14th Amendment.
The right-wing didnât like it. At all.
Chambers v. Florida (1940) was a case in which several Black men were tortured until they confessed to a crime. The Supreme Court held that convicting a person based on a coerced conviction violates the Fourteenth Amendment.
The Supreme Court also held that defendants were entitled to a lawyer, and arrests could not be made without probable cause to believe the person committed a crime.
Right-wing hierarchy people called these decisions federal overreach and said that the Tenth Amendment allowed states to manage their own policing. They claimed that hampering the police would make it easier for people to commit crimes.
âLaw and orderâ was code for: let the police do whatever they want so that the hierarchy can be maintained.
Now things have reversed: Under Trump, itâs the federal government that wants to maintain the hierarchy, and local governments (in some places) want fairness.
Thatâs why suddenly the right-wing (hierarchy people) reversed their position and are now in favor of the federal government trampling statesâ rights. What remains consistent is the belief that police should be unhampered.
You see, the right-wing never really care about statesâ rights or the Tenth Amendment: They wanted the police to maintain the hierarchy.
Fascism is all about hierarchy, so yes, Trump and pals are pushing us toward fascism.
The Confederacy, Jim Crow, and women as chattel were also about hierarchy, so Trump and pals are also looping us backward to a place we have been before. Iâll add women were chattel and other minority communities were targeted, but the heavy hand of the police fell most heavily on Black men.
The Portland protesters are protesting police brutality and insisting that Black Lives Matters. This terrifies the hierarchy people.
They donât believe it is about equality, equal treatment, or equal opportunity, because they donât believe these things are possible. They think others want to replace them at the top of the hierarchy.
Itâs not 1968 anymore. The GOP scare tactics that worked in the 1960s when Nixon chanted âlaw and orderâ donât work now. America has changed.
The majority of white people also want fairness, so the GOPâ the Party of Hierarchyâis in deep trouble.
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What a prescient man - writing this heartfelt proclamation to be read on the day of his funeral and urging his fellow citizens to defend and stand up for what you believe in to heal the soul of this nation.
What a righteous cause and a righteous man. Please help us all. 
Together, You
Can Redeem the Soul
of Our NationThough I am gone, I urge you to
answer the highest calling of your heart and stand up for what you truly believe.
By John Lewis
Mr. Lewis, the civil rights leader who died on July 17, wrote this essay shortly before his death, to be published upon the day of his funeral. Editorial Page Editor Kathleen Kingsbury wrote about this piece and Mr. Lewisâs legacy in Thursdayâs edition of our Opinion Today newsletter.
While my time here has now come to an end, I want you to know that in the last days and hours of my life you inspired me. You filled me with hope about the next chapter of the great American story when you used your power to make a difference in our society. Millions of people motivated simply by human compassion laid down the burdens of division. Around the country and the world you set aside race, class, age, language and nationality to demand respect for human dignity.
That is why I had to visit Black Lives Matter Plaza in Washington, though I was admitted to the hospital the following day. I just had to see and feel it for myself that, after many years of silent witness, the truth is still marching on.
Emmett Till was my George Floyd. He was my Rayshard Brooks, Sandra Bland and Breonna Taylor. He was 14 when he was killed, and I was only 15 years old at the time. I will never ever forget the moment when it became so clear that he could easily have been me. In those days, fear constrained us like an imaginary prison, and troubling thoughts of potential brutality committed for no understandable reason were the bars.
Though I was surrounded by two loving parents, plenty of brothers, sisters and cousins, their love could not protect me from the unholy oppression waiting just outside that family circle. Unchecked, unrestrained violence and government-sanctioned terror had the power to turn a simple stroll to the store for some Skittles or an innocent morning jog down a lonesome country road into a nightmare. If we are to survive as one unified nation, we must discover what so readily takes root in our hearts that could rob Mother Emanuel Church in South Carolina of her brightest and best, shoot unwitting concertgoers in Las Vegas and choke to death the hopes and dreams of a gifted violinist like Elijah McClain.
Like so many young people today, I was searching for a way out, or some might say a way in, and then I heard the voice of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on an old radio. He was talking about the philosophy and discipline of nonviolence. He said we are all complicit when we tolerate injustice. He said it is not enough to say it will get better by and by. He said each of us has a moral obligation to stand up, speak up and speak out. When you see something that is not right, you must say something. You must do something. Democracy is not a state. It is an act, and each generation must do its part to help build what we called the Beloved Community, a nation and world society at peace with itself.
Ordinary people with extraordinary vision can redeem the soul of America by getting in what I call good trouble, necessary trouble. Voting and participating in the democratic process are key. The vote is the most powerful nonviolent change agent you have in a democratic society. You must use it because it is not guaranteed. You can lose it.
You must also study and learn the lessons of history because humanity has been involved in this soul-wrenching, existential struggle for a very long time. People on every continent have stood in your shoes, though decades and centuries before you. The truth does not change, and that is why the answers worked out long ago can help you find solutions to the challenges of our time. Continue to build union between movements stretching across the globe because we must put away our willingness to profit from the exploitation of others.
Though I may not be here with you, I urge you to answer the highest calling of your heart and stand up for what you truly believe. In my life I have done all I can to demonstrate that the way of peace, the way of love and nonviolence is the more excellent way. Now it is your turn to let freedom ring.
When historians pick up their pens to write the story of the 21st century, let them say that it was your generation who laid down the heavy burdens of hate at last and that peace finally triumphed over violence, aggression and war. So I say to you, walk with the wind, brothers and sisters, and let the spirit of peace and the power of everlasting love be your guide.
John Lewis, the civil rights leader and congressman who died on July 17, wrote this essay shortly before his death.
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A thought piece (opinion) from a co-founder of the Federalist Society. He thinks this suggestion is impeachable, and that all Râs should stand up and say something against T.
Inching closer to fascism daily and a few Râs are waving a white flag about it.
Hmmmmm - how about hitting the eject button pals?
By Steven G. Calabresi
Mr. Calabresi is a co-founder of the Federalist Society and a professor at Northwestern Universityâs Pritzker School of Law.
I have voted Republican in every presidential election since 1980, including voting for Donald Trump in 2016. I wrote op-eds and a law review article protesting what I believe was an unconstitutional investigation by Robert Mueller. I also wrote an op-ed opposing President Trumpâs impeachment.
But I am frankly appalled by the presidentâs recent tweet seeking to postpone the November election. Until recently, I had taken as political hyperbole the Democratsâ assertion that President Trump is a fascist. But this latest tweet is fascistic and is itself grounds for the presidentâs immediate impeachment again by the House of Representatives and his removal from office by the Senate.
Here is what President Trump tweeted:
With Universal Mail-In Voting (not Absentee Voting, which is good), 2020 will be the most INACCURATE & FRAUDULENT Election in history. It will be a great embarrassment to the USA. Delay the Election until people can properly, securely and safely vote???
â Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) July 30, 2020
The nation has faced grave challenges before, just as it does today with the spread of the coronavirus. But it has never canceled or delayed a presidential election. Not in 1864, when President Abraham Lincoln was expected to lose and the South looked as if it might defeat the North. Not in 1932 in the depths of the Great Depression. Not in 1944 during World War II.
So we certainly should not even consider canceling this fallâs election because of the presidentâs concern about mail-in voting, which is likely to increase because of fears about Covid-19. It is up to each of the 50 states whether to allow universal mail-in voting and Article II of the Constitution explicitly gives the states total power over the selection of presidential electors.
Election Day was fixed by a federal law passed in 1845, and the Constitution itself in the 20th Amendment specifies that the newly elected Congress meet at noon on Jan. 3, 2021, and that the terms of the president and vice president end at noon on Jan. 20, 2021. If no newly elected president is available, the speaker of the House of Representatives becomes acting president.
President Trump needs to be told by every Republican in Congress that he cannot postpone the federal election. Doing so would be illegal, unconstitutional and without precedent in American history. Anyone who says otherwise should never be elected to Congress again.
Steven G. Calabresi is a co-founder of the Federalist Society and a professor at Northwestern Universityâs Pritzker School of Law.
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Formerly Lt. Col VIndman, who was forced to retire after retaliatory actions (no promotion that had been due) and demotion writes eloquently about where his patriotism stands - still with the ideals that made America a democratic nation, and not one swept up under Trump-ism. He makes the case here to fight for American values by doing what is right and to get T out of office.
Alexander Vindman: Coming forward ended my career. I still believe doing whatâs right matters.
Opinion by Alexander S. Vindman
August 1, 2020 at 5:00 a.m. PDT
Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman (Ret.), a career U.S. Army officer, served on the National Security Council as the director for Eastern European, Caucasus and Russian affairs, as the Russia political-military affairs officer for the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and as a military attachĂŠ in the U.S. Embassy in Moscow.
After 21 years, six months and 10 days of active military service, I am now a civilian. I made the difficult decision to retire because a campaign of bullying, intimidation and retaliation by President Trump and his allies forever limited the progression of my military career.
This experience has been painful, but I am not alone in this ignominious fate. The circumstances of my departure might have been more public, yet they are little different from those of dozens of other lifelong public servants who have left this administration with their integrity intact but their careers irreparably harmed.
A year ago, having served the nation in uniform in positions of critical importance, I was on the cusp of a career-topping promotion to colonel. A year ago, unknown to me, my concerns over the presidentâs conduct and the presidentâs efforts to undermine the very foundations of our democracy were precipitating tremors that would ultimately shake loose the facade of good governance and publicly expose the corruption of the Trump administration.
At no point in my career or life have I felt our nationâs values under greater threat and in more peril than at this moment. Our national government during the past few years has been more reminiscent of the authoritarian regime my family fled more than 40 years ago than the country I have devoted my life to serving.
Our citizens are being subjected to the same kinds of attacks tyrants launch against their critics and political opponents. Those who choose loyalty to American values and allegiance to the Constitution over devotion to a mendacious president and his enablers are punished. The president recklessly downplayed the threat of the pandemic even as it swept through our country. The economic collapse that followed highlighted the growing income disparities in our society. Millions are grieving the loss of loved ones and many more have lost their livelihoods while the president publicly bemoans his approval ratings.
There is another way.
During my testimony in the House impeachment inquiry, I reassured my father, who experienced Soviet authoritarianism firsthand, saying, âDo not worry, I will be fine for telling the truth.â Despite Trumpâs retaliation, I stand by that conviction. Even as I experience the low of ending my military career, I have also experienced the loving support of tens of thousands of Americans. Theirs is a chorus of hope that drowns out the spurious attacks of a disreputable man and his sycophants.
Since the struggle for our nationâs independence, America has been a union of purpose: a union born from the belief that although each individual is the pilot of their own destiny, when we come together, we change the world. We are stronger as a woven rope than as unbound threads.
America has thrived because citizens have been willing to contribute their voices and shed their blood to challenge injustice and protect the nation. It is in keeping with that history of service that, at this moment, I feel the burden to advocate for my values and an enormous urgency to act.
Despite some personal turmoil, I remain hopeful for the future for both my family and for our nation. Impeachment exposed Trumpâs corruption, but the confluence of a pandemic, a financial crisis and the stoking of societal divisions has roused the soul of the American people. A groundswell is building that will issue a mandate to reject hate and bigotry and a return to the ideals that set the United States apart from the rest of the world. I look forward to contributing to that effort.
In retirement from the Army, I will continue to defend my nation. I will demand accountability of our leadership and call for leaders of moral courage and public servants of integrity. I will speak about the attacks on our national security. I will advocate for policies and strategies that will keep our nation safe and strong against internal and external threats. I will promote public service and exalt the contribution that service brings to all areas of society.
The 23-year-old me who was commissioned in December 1998 could never have imagined the opportunities and experiences I have had. I joined the military to serve the country that sheltered my familyâs escape from authoritarianism, and yet the privilege has been all mine.
When I was asked why I had the confidence to tell my father not to worry about my testimony, my response was, âCongressman, because this is America. This is the country I have served and defended, that all my brothers have served, and here, right matters.â
To this day, despite everything that has happened, I continue to believe in the American Dream. I believe that in America, right matters. I want to help ensure that right matters for all Americans.
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